1-Failure to reach settlement Flashcards
Who were the political presbytarians
Mps who wanted religious reform towards a presbytarian church
ties with the scottish military
Who were political Independents
minority
NMA
Levellers
What happened after Charles surrendered to teh Scots
he was offered settlements by parl and Scotland
Scotland’s took away less of his powers and favoured religious reformation
Why didn’t Charles accept any of these settlements
He thought that his opponace alliance would break down strengthing his bargaining position
What eventually happened in Feb 1647
Scotland handed Charles back over to parl.
What were the Newcaslte propositions
List of proposals given to Charles in July 1646
What were included in the Newcaslte propositions
parl. nominate key officers of state
parl. control malita for next 20 years
bushops abolished and presbytarian church established for experimental 3 years
What happened in the wat for Charles response to N propositions
Radical group Levellers advocationg for religious toleration
supported by the NMA
NMA hadnt been paid sent to ireland or kept in england
What happened after Parl. disbanded the NMA
Cromwell spoke in their defence
the army politicised and came back as a rival political force
elected their own political spokesman agitators
How did the NMA respond to the disbanding
Rode to Holdenby House and took Charles from parl.
Taken to headquaters and set up general council
What did the NMA issue in response to their dibandenment
The General council issed a Declaration of the Army
This declared the LP should be purged demanding impeachment of 11 Political Presbyterians
What happened to the 11 members
They fled
Then demonstrations broke out and they returned
60 independent mps took refuge w the army
then army occupied london and reinstated the independents
How/when did the army try and reach a settlement
2nd Aug 1647
Heads of Proposals
written by Henry Ireton
What was included within the Heads of Proposals
Triennial Act replaced with Biennial parl.
Parl. choose officers of state and control malitia for 10 years
Bishops stay but reduction in power, no longer force people to attend national church- religious toleraltion
How reasonable was the Heads of Proposals
They were more reasonable than the Newcastle Propositions
Still allowed bishops, kept support
less malitia 20>10
ONly addition was Biennial
What did the levellers issue in October 1647
Case of the army Truly stated offered alternate proposals to that if the Heads of Proposals as not radical enough
These were drawn up in a settlement called The Agreement of the people
presented by the agaitors to the general council
What was included within the Agreement of the people
MPs be elected in proportion to the population of their constituencies
Existing parl. dissolved in Sep 1648
Biennial parl.
Biennial parl. be the supreme parl. powers to make repeal laws appoint officials and foreign policy
When were the Putney Debates
OCt-NOv 1647
What were the arguments Putney debates
leveller
Ireton
cromwell
Rainsbourgh. Leveller, led the radicals in wanting religious freedom, annual parl. elected by all males
Ireton, grandee, voters need enough property, prevent easy migration
Cromwell, maintaing civility avoid a breakdown didnt like radical ideas
Why did the putney debates end
Charles had escaped captivity at Hampton court
What happened at an army muster in Ware
London Levellers arrived with copies of the agreement of the people and urged troops to mutiny
Cromwell rode in to restore order and punish the leaders
What was the Four Bills
Issued by Parl.
King to surrender all military power to parl. for 20 years
Crown need consent for military action
When was the four Bills
24th Dec 1647
What was the Engaement
THE KING SIGNED
An engagement signed with Scotland promising to establish a Presbyterian church in England for three years in return for military assistance
allowed the solem league and convenant
When was the Engagement
26th Dec 1647
Why did Charles choose the Engagement
It benefitted the king more in was that the four bills didnt.
It gave Charles strength that he could use against parl.
What happened in the second civil war
Fairfax had a strong army and put down royalist in the south
Cromwell fought in the north
What was the major battle of the second civil war
Battle of Preston in August 1648
Why was the war such a failure
Lack of organisation of the king gave parl. time to prepare
Cromwell organised in putting down any royalist uprising in england so support was little by the time scotland invaded
What was the aftermath of the conflict
army publish a remonstance to the commons in Nov 1648
written bu Ireton
What did parl. send chales as a final demand
the four bills
What happened in response to the four bills
king still wanted control of malita discussions of continuted negotionations or not
what was prides purge
5th dec 1648
commons surrounded by soldiers from Thomas pride
186 MPs were excluded who supported continued negotiations
arrested 45 MPs who been active in discussions
Left a Rump house of 240, 71 became active in Charles Trial
What happened at the trial of Charles
Jan 1649
tried by high court of justice by 135 commissionaires
Charles refused that any court had the right to place the monarch on trial
27th found guilty of high treason
30th beheaded
