4-5 genomics/microbiome/health behaviors

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

sequence of DNA within a chromosome that is unique to each individual living thing.

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

all of the genes in the single cells of an organism.

Question 3

Genetics

Answer 3

is the study and analysis of one singular gene.

Question 4

Genomics

Answer 4

is the study of how all of the genes interact with and influence one another to
understand their composition and purpose.

Question 5

Precision medicine (personalized medicine)
vs. Precision public health

Answer 5

• medicine: using new technologies to analyze a
  patient’s genetic profile in order to determine the best course of treatment for that individual.
• public health: using the same technologies as mentioned above but for public
  health surveillance and intervention. Tailoring these actions to specific individuals,
  communities, countries, etc.

Question 6

Be able to describe at least one specific example of translation/implementation of genomics research into public health (the level of description given in Khoury article is sufficient), and why you think this example is important for public health.

Question 7

Microbe

Answer 7

any microorganism

Question 8

Bacteria

Answer 8

a single celled organism that can survive on its own. Unique in structure.

Question 9

Fungi

Answer 9

organism that produces spores and feeds on organic material.

Question 10

Protozoa

Answer 10

similar to bacteria in every way except that their cell structure more closely resembles
plants and animals.

Question 11

Virus

Answer 11

Virus: Microbes that hold a small piece of DNA or RNA and infect a living host in order to survive
and replicate.

Question 12

Microbiome (human microbiome)

Answer 12

the human body’s collection of microorganisms that are mostly involved in immune and digestive system functions.

Question 13

Vertical transmission (of microbes from person to person)

Answer 13

from mother to baby during development, birth, and feeding

Question 14

Horizontal transmission (of microbes from person to person)

Answer 14

from person to person through touch air liquid, etc.

Question 15

How many times more microbial cells are in/on the human body than there are human cells?

Answer 15

10 microbes/ 1human cell

Question 16

How many times more microbial genes are in the microbiome than genes in the human genome?

Answer 16

200x

Question 17

Where in/on the human body do the majority of microbes reside?

Answer 17

intestines, skin, eyes, lungs, everywhere

Question 18

Be able to describe at least one specific example of translation/implementation of human microbiome research into public health (the level of description given in O’Doherty article is sufficient), and why you think this example is important for public health.

Answer 18

• The microbiome often tells the story of our health so it is helpful in finding certain
  health problems and addressing them.
• The microbiome is something that can change and that we share as
  communities. Collective efforts to improve microbiome health will benefit
  everyone. Sounds like PH to me.
• The microbiome helps us understand what the effects of certain diseases are on
  our health and how these diseases spread between organisms
• more diverse human microbiomes make it easier for individuals to fight and prevent disease in their bodies
  encouraging individuals to take action to diversify and preserve the diversity of their microbiomes could improve the public immunity.

Question 19

What characterizes a “lifestyle” behavior, as opposed to other behaviors that would not be considered “lifestyle” behaviors?

Answer 19

Lifestyle behaviors are regularly repeated, planned, sustained patterns of complex behaviors long term or short term.
not lifestyle: smoking a cigarette for the first time
lifestyle: brushing your teeth every day

Question 20

What do the following terms mean? (from Gochman’s definition of health behavior) For each, provide a brief example of how the concept could apply in an individual person’s life, for some specific aspect of “health”
Health maintenance
Health restoration
Health improvement

Answer 20

maintenance: staying healthy
restoration: healing or recovering form illness or injury
improvement: getting healthier in general trough changing behaviors

Question 21

What are 2-3 bullet points of key health behavior recommendations for diet and physical activity emphasized by each of the following organizations: (see links to the recommendations in Learning Suite or in Health Behavior Goals instructions)
American Cancer Society
Diet
Physical activity
American Heart Association
Diet
Physical activity
Pay attention to the similarities across the two organizations’ recommendations.

Answer 21

https://docs.google.com/document/d/14NHjzOtnDGaqfSTPw_DscrSPffSvj-c15kIX9UyWDmg/edit