4-5 genomics/microbiome/health behaviors Flashcards
Gene
sequence of DNA within a chromosome that is unique to each individual living thing.
Genome
all of the genes in the single cells of an organism.
Genetics
is the study and analysis of one singular gene.
Genomics
is the study of how all of the genes interact with and influence one another to
understand their composition and purpose.
Precision medicine (personalized medicine)
vs. Precision public health
- medicine: using new technologies to analyze a
patient’s genetic profile in order to determine the best course of treatment for that individual. - public health: using the same technologies as mentioned above but for public
health surveillance and intervention. Tailoring these actions to specific individuals,
communities, countries, etc.
Be able to describe at least one specific example of translation/implementation of genomics research into public health (the level of description given in Khoury article is sufficient), and why you think this example is important for public health.
Microbe
any microorganism
Bacteria
a single celled organism that can survive on its own. Unique in structure.
Fungi
organism that produces spores and feeds on organic material.
Protozoa
similar to bacteria in every way except that their cell structure more closely resembles
plants and animals.
Virus
Virus: Microbes that hold a small piece of DNA or RNA and infect a living host in order to survive
and replicate.
Microbiome (human microbiome)
the human body’s collection of microorganisms that are mostly involved in immune and digestive system functions.
Vertical transmission (of microbes from person to person)
from mother to baby during development, birth, and feeding
Horizontal transmission (of microbes from person to person)
from person to person through touch air liquid, etc.
How many times more microbial cells are in/on the human body than there are human cells?
10 microbes/ 1human cell
How many times more microbial genes are in the microbiome than genes in the human genome?
200x
Where in/on the human body do the majority of microbes reside?
intestines, skin, eyes, lungs, everywhere
Be able to describe at least one specific example of translation/implementation of human microbiome research into public health (the level of description given in O’Doherty article is sufficient), and why you think this example is important for public health.
- The microbiome often tells the story of our health so it is helpful in finding certain
health problems and addressing them. - The microbiome is something that can change and that we share as
communities. Collective efforts to improve microbiome health will benefit
everyone. Sounds like PH to me. - The microbiome helps us understand what the effects of certain diseases are on
our health and how these diseases spread between organisms - more diverse human microbiomes make it easier for individuals to fight and prevent disease in their bodies
encouraging individuals to take action to diversify and preserve the diversity of their microbiomes could improve the public immunity.
What characterizes a “lifestyle” behavior, as opposed to other behaviors that would not be considered “lifestyle” behaviors?
Lifestyle behaviors are regularly repeated, planned, sustained patterns of complex behaviors long term or short term.
not lifestyle: smoking a cigarette for the first time
lifestyle: brushing your teeth every day
What do the following terms mean? (from Gochman’s definition of health behavior) For each, provide a brief example of how the concept could apply in an individual person’s life, for some specific aspect of “health”
Health maintenance
Health restoration
Health improvement
maintenance: staying healthy
restoration: healing or recovering form illness or injury
improvement: getting healthier in general trough changing behaviors
What are 2-3 bullet points of key health behavior recommendations for diet and physical activity emphasized by each of the following organizations: (see links to the recommendations in Learning Suite or in Health Behavior Goals instructions)
American Cancer Society
Diet
Physical activity
American Heart Association
Diet
Physical activity
Pay attention to the similarities across the two organizations’ recommendations.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/14NHjzOtnDGaqfSTPw_DscrSPffSvj-c15kIX9UyWDmg/edit
