12 Malaria and Tuberculosis Flashcards
What is the full name and acronym of the pathogen that causes malaria? Is this pathogen a virus, bacteria, or parasite?
Plasmodium falciparum
parasite
List common modes of transmission of malaria infection.
Mosquitoes specifically: infected female Anopheles mosquitoes
also blood transfusion, organ transplant, or the shared use of needles or syringes contaminated with blood. Congenital:Malaria may also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn infant before or during delivery. Airplane transmission through bringing mosquitos on planes to different areas.
Where does the Plasmodium parasite live in humans and in mosquitoes? Be able to briefly explain the pathway the parasite travels through its entire life cycle, including locations in human and mosquito in correct order.
humans: in liver and red blood cells
mosquito: gut and salivary glands
Life Cycle draw out in notes
List some environmental, social, behavioral, biological risk factors for acquiring malaria infection
Biological: age, pregnant, those with HIV/AIDS
Behavioral: Spending time in mosquito ridden areas, behaviors that lower immunity
Social: Social conditions that lower individual immunity making them more susceptible
Environmental: Conditions that lower immunity, pollution, poor work conditions, etc., temperatures, elevation.
What is the full name and acronym of the pathogen that causes tuberculosis? Is this pathogen a virus, bacteria, or parasite?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacterium
List common modes of transmission of TB infection.
Through the air
blood?
Where in the human body do the tuberculosis bacteria usually live?
Alveolar macrophages
Define types of TB: latent TB, active TB, multidrug resistant (MDR) TB, secondary TB
Latent: a person is infected with tb but has not symptoms and is not reproducing, they can not infect others
Active: a person is symptomatic with a tb infection
Multi drug resistant(MDR) : Tb infection that is resistant to the most successful and prevalent tb defense drugs making it much harder for them to fight.
Secondary: body fight tb infection and it becomes latent then it reactivates in body causing a second active tb scenario.
List some environmental, social, behavioral, biological risk factors for acquiring TB infection
Environmental: indoor air pollution, tobacco smoke, malnutrition, overcrowded living conditions, and excessive alcohol use.
Social: poverty, poor ventilated crowded living
Behavioral: smoking, alcohol
Biological: diabetes, young age
In someone with active TB, what problems occur in the lungs leading to death? (see in-class slides, there are some jargony terms, look them up if needed)
-respiratory failure
-hemoptysis: coughing up blood, inflammation of lungs
What does the acronym DOTS stand for in TB prevention & control efforts?
