1-2 Life Course Perspective/ Health behavior theories/ levels of prevention Flashcards
What are Professor Elder’s 4 tenets of a life course perspective? (Hint: E, T/T, R, C/A)
- life events
- timing/transitions
- relationships
- choices/agency
What does “linked lives” mean? Describe a brief example you make up of linked lives
The events, changes, and developments in each of our lives affect the people within our social-network.
What does “stress proliferation” mean?
Often experiencing any one kind of stress is accompanied by the onset of many others
Describe a brief example you make up of stress proliferation or the role of stress proliferation in explaining a health-related phenomenon.
The opposite of using a life course perspective would be to rely on information that is cross-sectional, static, indicating only the present status of things without any information about events, timing/transitions, predictors/consequences, nature/quality of relationships, reasons for decisions, etc. If I present you with a brief example of cross-sectional or static information (such as current marital status), be able to describe how we could enrich that information using a life course perspective in various ways by incorporating such information as …
Events (marriage, divorce, widowhood, etc)
Timing/transitions (when the events occurred, etc)
Relationships (marital quality, etc)
Choices/Agency (reasons for marriage, reasons for divorce, etc)
well rounded explain
(Note that in the paragraph above I suggested marital status as an example; can you envision other examples to illustrate the difference between cross-sectional vs. life course perspective?)
Health Behavior Theories
In the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), what single factor is the primary predictor of behavior? (Hint: I)
Intention
In the TPB, what are the three factors that together influence intention? (Hint: A, SN, PC)
attitude
subjective norm
perceived control
Attitude is a function of “behavioral belief” and “evaluation of behavioral outcome”
Define behavioral belief
Define evaluation of behavioral outcome
Explain how those two together determine attitude
Behavioral belief: An individual’s belief about the consequence of a behavior
Evaluation of behavioral outcome: How much value the consequence of doing a certain behavior holds for an individual.
Together: What outcome they interpret and whether or not they want that predicted outcome will greatly influence their attitude towards participating in the behavior
Subjective norm is a function of “normative belief” and “motivation to comply”
Define normative belief
Define motivation to comply
Explain how those two together determine subjective norm
Normative Belief: The perceived desires/opinions of a person’s close social circle as to whether or not they should do a certain behavior.
Motivation to comply: Whether or not an individual will act based on the perceived desires and opinions of those close to them about a certain behavior.
Together: Normative belief will greatly /not at all/or negatively influence whether or not a person completes a behavior based on their motivation to comply.
Perceived control is a function of “control belief” and “perceived power”
Define control belief
Define perceived power
Explain how those two together determine perceived control
Control Belief: An individuals beliefs about the obstacles that will prohibit them from completing a certain behavior.
Perceived Power: An individuals beliefs about whether or not they are capable of overcoming the obstacles and completing the behavior.
Together: The obstacles a person perceives and their perceived self strength to overcome or not overcome these obstacles will affect whether or not they participate in a behavior.
If I present an example of a particular behavior, be able to …
Describe a specific attitude factor that would tend to either increase or decrease the behavior
Explain how that attitude factor is a function of behavioral belief and evaluation of behavioral outcome
Describe a specific subjective norm factor that would tend to either increase or decrease the behavior
Explain how that subjective norm factor is a function of normative belief and motivation to comply
Describe a specific perceived control factor that would tend to either increase or decrease the behavior
Explain how that perceived control factor is a function of control belief and perceived power
PRACTICE 3x
What is primordial prevention?
preventing development of or getting rid of causal factors for disease
(in people that are free of risk factors)
What is primary prevention?
Preventing the occurrence of disease, a single intention can prevent multiple diseases
ex: health promotion/education, encouraging healthy practices
(people who may or may not have risk factors)
What is secondary prevention?
Identifying the disease at an early stage to minimize suffering. long-term effects, and chance of early death
before the patient is symptomatic
ex: screening
(people who are not known to have the disease and are presumably healthy)
What is tertiary prevention?
Medical care/treatment for a diagnosed disease aimed at preventing long term consequences, death, or reduced quality of life
(in people who have the disease at various degrees of severity
What is quaternary prevention?
Preventing harm caused by medical care
ex: overmedication, overdiagnoses, uneccessary surgeries
(people who have the disease and are being treated)
