4/2/21 Flashcards
primary aldosteronism – symptoms
fatigue, weakness, headache, nocturia
known cause of secondary hypertension
may have hypokalemia
workup for primary aldosteronism
plasma renin level
plasma aldosterone concentration
PAC to PRA ratio – positive screen in >= 20 ng/dl
–mineralocorticoids (spirinolactone) and eplerenone (inspra) may interfere with the test
–ACEs and ARBs may interfere with test
With is captopril renography used for?
to diagnose renovascular hypertension
Initial diagnostic test for pheochromocytosis?
Urinary metanephrine testing
Triad of pheochromocytosis symptoms
-- episodic headache sweating tachycardia --in association to hypertension
Confirmatory testing for pheochromocytosis?
CT/MRI of the adrenal glands
Treatment of pheochromocytosis
Pre-op
1) alpha andrenergic blockade –> phenoxybenzamine
2) beta andrenergic blockade –> propranolol or metoprolol
Surgery
– laparascopic adrenalectomy by endocrine surgeon
Cushing syndrome symptoms
Decreased libido Obesity/weight gain Plethora Round face / moon facies Menstrual changes Hirsutism Hypertension Ecchymoses Lethargy, depression Dorsal fat pad Abnormal glucose tolerance
Screening test for cushings syndrome
dexamethasone suppression test
Addison disease screening test
adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation
Addison disease/ adrenal insufficiency treatment
crisis – fluid resuscitation, reversal of electrolyte deficiency, hydrocortisone
Causes of cushing syndrome
iatrogenic / prescribed steroids
steroid producing tumor
Addison disease / adrenal insufficiency symptoms
Chronic – fatigue vague
Acute crisis – peripheral vascular collapse
Other name for measles
rubeola
name for german measles
rubella
Rubeola – clinical findings
fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza
koplik spots
rash spreads from face to trunk
Erysipelas
group A β-hemolytic streptococcus and is associated with a well-demarcated, plaque-like, edematous red exanthem on the face or other areas of the body
Fifth disease is caused by
parvovirus 19
Fifth disease symptoms
fever, URI, slapped cheeks
Roseola infantum
high fever in a child who doesn’t appear very ill
rash when fever ceases
Rubella symptoms
generalized maculopapular rash that last approx 3 days
may have a prodrome of URI, low grade fever and malaise for 1-5 days
Spontaneous pneumothorax findings
ipsilateral chest pain
acute shortness of breath
respiratory distress
hypoxia
Spontaneous pneumothorax risk factors
tall, thin males, ages 10-30
may smoke cigarrettes
family history
Clinical manifestations of acute bronchitis
cough – lasting more than 5 days and up to 3-4 weeks
may have associated :
fever, dyspnea, myalgias, malaise, sore throat, nasal congestion, and cough
