3/23/21 Flashcards
EKG changes of hypokalemia
flattened or inverted T waves, ST segment depression, prominent U waves
Common symptoms of sarcoidosis
fatigue, dyspnea, and cough
Findings on CXR for sarcoidosis
bilateral hilar adenopathy (90% of cases have lung involvement)
What laboratory abnormality can be seen in sarcoidosis
elevated angiostension converting enzyme
When to choose pharmacologic stress test vs exercise stress test
when the patient will not be able to physically meet the exercise demands (METs)
(ie claudication)
Qualifications for exercise test with echocardiography.
can exercise appropriately, NO baseline EKG abnormalities, NO previous wall motion abnormalities
Qualifications for exercise test with radioisotope scan
can exercise appropriately, has underlying EKG changes, prior wall motion abnormalities
Exercise stress testing indications compared to other stress tests
able to exercise, no baseline EKG abnormalities
Characterization of A. fib
variable heart rate and absence of p waves
https://www.aclsmedicaltraining.com/atrial-fibrillation/
Determine EKG rate
1 box - 300 bpm 2 boxes - 150 bpm 3 boxes - 100 bpm 4 boxes - 75 bpm 5 boxes - 60 bpm 6 boxes - 50 bpm
Characterization of third degree heart block
complete dissociation of atrial and ventricular beats
QRS complexes at their own rate (typically escape rhythm) totally independent of p waves
Characterization of multifocal atrial tachycardia
multiple sites of competing atrial activity
associated with chronic respiratory illness
HR > 100 bpm
p waves with various morphology
P-P intervals, P-R duration, and R-R intervals which vary
Overflow incontinence symptoms
dribbling, small urine loss, straining when urinating, feeling of incomplete voiding
Common cause of overflow incontinence in elderly males:
enlarged prostate
What is the most common type of incontinence in the elderly?
Urge incontinence