مغالطات و تفکر نقادانه قسمت 4 Flashcards
What was covered in the previous session?
Eight fallacies were discussed.
What is the focus of the current session?
Six common and practical fallacies.
Why is this session important?
To improve understanding of logical
reasoning and avoid common fallacies.
What is the definition of the Appeal to Moderation fallacy?
Misinterpreting opposing positions and suggesting a middle ground exists.
Why is the Appeal to Moderation fallacy important to understand?
It highlights the difference between ethical and logical contexts, emphasizing that truth must align with reality.
What is the definition of the Definitional Fallacy?
Misleading definitions are used to support a position.
What is an example of the Definitional Fallacy?
The Socratic method of redefining terms to suit an argument.
What caution should be taken with this fallacy?
Ensure definitions align with established meanings.
What is the definition of the Ambiguity Fallacy?
Using vague or double meanings in an argument.
What is the impact of the Ambiguity Fallacy?
It confuses the argument and makes it unclear.
What is the recommendation for avoiding this fallacy?
Strive for clarity in communication.
Fallacy 4: Argument from Incredulity
What is the definition of the Argument from Incredulity fallacy?
Dismissing a claim because it seems unbelievable.
What is an example of the Argument from Incredulity?
Historical rejection of scientific claims.
What note is important to remember about this fallacy?
A lack of understanding does not invalidate a claim.
What is the definition of the Divine Fallacy?
Attributing phenomena to supernatural causes.
What is the historical context of the Divine Fallacy?
Misinterpretation of natural events as supernatural.
What clarification should be made about this fallacy?
Seek scientific explanations for natural occurrences.
What is the definition of the Appeal to Emotion fallacy?
Using emotional appeal instead of logical reasoning.
What is an example of the Appeal to Emotion?
Emotional manipulation in arguments.
What advice is given for avoiding this fallacy?
Focus on logical content over emotional delivery.
