مغالطات و تفکر نقادانه قسمت 3 Flashcards
Why is recognizing fallacies important?
It helps in critically evaluating arguments and avoiding flawed reasoning.
What is the definition of the Base Rate Fallacy?
Ignoring general statistical information.
What is an example of the Base Rate Fallacy?
Relying on personal experiences over statistical data.
What are the implications of the Base Rate Fallacy?
Leads to outdated information based on new studies.
What is the definition of the Existence Fallacy?
Assuming existence based on perception.
What is an example of the Existence Fallacy?
Believing in unicorns due to imagination.
What are the implications of the Existence Fallacy?
Confusion between “having” and “being.”
What is the definition of the Masked Man Fallacy?
Confusing identity due to external attributes.
What is an example of the Masked Man Fallacy?
Assuming a masked person is not someone known.
What are the implications of the Masked Man Fallacy?
Misidentification based on superficial traits.
What is the definition of the Appeal to Probability?
Assuming something is true because it could be.
What is an example of the Appeal to Probability?
Expecting rain because one forgot an umbrella.
What are the implications of the Appeal to Probability?
Confusion between possibility and certainty.
What is the definition of the Red Herring Fallacy?
Distracting from the main argument.
What is an example of the Red Herring Fallacy?
Dismissing an argument by attacking the reasoning.
What are the implications of the Red Herring Fallacy?
Confusing the validity of claims.
What is the definition of the Linda Problem?
Assuming specific scenarios are more likely than general ones.
What is an example of the Linda Problem?
Assuming specific scenarios are more likely than general ones.
What is an example of the Linda Problem?
Believing a specific scenario is more probable than a general one.
What are the implications of the Linda Problem?
Misjudging probabilities.
What is the definition of Affirming the Consequent?
Assuming a conclusion based on a negative premise.
What is an example of Affirming the Consequent?
Concluding all fish can fly because some are caged.
What are the implications of Affirming the Consequent?
Leads to logical errors in reasoning.
What is the definition of the Fallacy of Composition?
Assuming what is true for parts is true for the whole.
What is an example of the Fallacy of Composition?
Believing a team is great because individual players are great.
What are the implications of the Fallacy of Composition?
Misunderstanding group dynamics.
What is the definition of the Fallacy of Division?
Assuming what is true for the whole is true for parts.
What are the implications of the Fallacy of Division?
Leads to overgeneralization.
What is the definition of the Appeal to Emotion?
Manipulating emotions to win an argument.
What is an example of the Appeal to Emotion?
Using fear or pity instead of facts.
What are the implications of the Appeal to Emotion?
Undermines rational discourse.
Conclusion
Why is understanding fallacies important?
It helps in recognizing flawed arguments and improving reasoning.
What is encouraged at the end of the session?
Critical evaluation of arguments and continuous learning.
