مغالطات و تفکر نقادانه قسمت 3 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Why is recognizing fallacies important?
It helps in critically evaluating arguments and avoiding flawed reasoning.
What is the definition of the Base Rate Fallacy?
Ignoring general statistical information.
What is an example of the Base Rate Fallacy?
Relying on personal experiences over statistical data.
What are the implications of the Base Rate Fallacy?
Leads to outdated information based on new studies.
What is the definition of the Existence Fallacy?
Assuming existence based on perception.
What is an example of the Existence Fallacy?
Believing in unicorns due to imagination.
What are the implications of the Existence Fallacy?
Confusion between “having” and “being.”
What is the definition of the Masked Man Fallacy?
Confusing identity due to external attributes.
What is an example of the Masked Man Fallacy?
Assuming a masked person is not someone known.
What are the implications of the Masked Man Fallacy?
Misidentification based on superficial traits.
What is the definition of the Appeal to Probability?
Assuming something is true because it could be.
What is an example of the Appeal to Probability?
Expecting rain because one forgot an umbrella.
What are the implications of the Appeal to Probability?
Confusion between possibility and certainty.
What is the definition of the Red Herring Fallacy?
Distracting from the main argument.
What is an example of the Red Herring Fallacy?
Dismissing an argument by attacking the reasoning.
What are the implications of the Red Herring Fallacy?
Confusing the validity of claims.
What is the definition of the Linda Problem?
Assuming specific scenarios are more likely than general ones.
What is an example of the Linda Problem?
Assuming specific scenarios are more likely than general ones.
What is an example of the Linda Problem?
Believing a specific scenario is more probable than a general one.
What are the implications of the Linda Problem?
Misjudging probabilities.
What is the definition of Affirming the Consequent?
Assuming a conclusion based on a negative premise.
What is an example of Affirming the Consequent?
Concluding all fish can fly because some are caged.
What are the implications of Affirming the Consequent?
Leads to logical errors in reasoning.
What is the definition of the Fallacy of Composition?
Assuming what is true for parts is true for the whole.
