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8 MAPEH > 3rd week > Flashcards

3rd week Flashcards

1
Q

one that can transmitted from one person to another and is caused by an infectious agent that is transmitted from a source or reservoir to a susceptible host.

A

Communicable disease

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2
Q

is one in which the causative organism or pathogen is carried from one person to another either directly or indirectly.
also called as Infectious
Disease.

A

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

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3
Q

TYPES OF
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES?

A

• Respiratory Infections
• Arthropod Borne Infections
• Surface Infections
• Sexually Transmitted Disease

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4
Q

by germs - viruses, bacteria or other pathogenic microbes.
Germs that can infect the respiratory system - lungs, throat, airways - can often be spread through mucus and saliva (also known as “respiratory secretions”) expelled when a person coughs, sneezes, talks or laughs. Some of these germs are spread through droplets small enough to remain suspended in the air and travel over long distances.

A

RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

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5
Q

types of RESPIRATORY
DISEASES

A

• Tuberculosis
• Chicken pox
• Measles
• Influenza
• Diphtheria
• Whooping cough

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6
Q

disease primarily affecting the lungs (Pulmonary tuberculosis-most common)
• it also affect all other vital organs

A

TUBERCULOSIS

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7
Q

Incubation Period of TUBERCULOSIS

A

• From weeks, months to years depending upon dose of infection & immunity of patient

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8
Q

Mode of Transmission: TUBERCULOSIS

A

• Droplet infection
• Coughing

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9
Q

TUBERCULOSIS
Signs and Symptoms

A

• Tiredness
• Loss of appetite
• Loss of weight
• Anemia
• Evening rise in temperature
• Cough for long time

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10
Q

TUBERCULOSIS
Prevention

A

I. Raising the resistance of the population to the disease by:
i. Good social conditions:
- Satisfactory housing & adequate diet. ii. BCG (Bacille Calmette Guerin) Vaccination:
- After birth
2. Elimination of tuberculosis infection in milk:
- By pasteurization of milk.

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11
Q

• by Varicella-zoster virus
• Occur mainly in Children under
IO years of age.
• Uncommon in adults.

A

CHICKEN POX

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12
Q

CHICKEN POX
Incubation Period:

A

• About I4 - I6 days

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13
Q

Mode of Transmission: CHICKEN POX

A

• Droplet infection
• Freshly contaminated fomites used by patients can transmit disease.
• Virus can cross placental barrier & may affect fetus

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14
Q

CHICKEN POX
Signs and Symptoms

A

• Fever
• Appearance of rash in the form of crop on trunk, face and limbs.
• Macules (small flat colored spot on skin) appear first and with in 24 hrs. lesions are appear.
• The lesions becomes dry to form scabs.

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15
Q

CHICKEN POX
Prevention

A

• Use of local antiseptics like chlorhexidine.
• If bacterial infection progress give antibiotics
• Transmission prevented by isolation of patient for 5-7 days.
• Sterilization of all articles used by patient after cure •

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16
Q

• Also called Rubeola
• Occur in children of 3-5 yrs of ages.

A

MEASLES

17
Q

MEASLES
Incubation Period:

A

About 8 to I4 days

18
Q

MEASLES
Mode of Transmission:

A

• Droplet infection
• Direct contact

19
Q

MEASLES
Signs and Symptoms

A

Stage I (Catarrhal stage)
- Fever Running nose Cough
Appearance of red spot in mouth Watering of eyes

Stage 2(Stage of eruption)
- Red rash seen at back of ears & foreheads along hairline Rash spread all over body.

20
Q

MEASLES
Prevention

A

I. Active immunization:
- By live attenuated measles virus over one year age.
2. Passive immunization:
- By Human normal immunoglobulin.

21
Q

• Infectious diseases are human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria that are transmitted by mosquitoes, sandflies, bugs, blackflies, snails and lice.

A

ARTHROPOD BORNE INFECTIONS

22
Q

ARTHROPOD BORNE INFECTIONS Incubation Period:

A

About 9 to 30 days

23
Q

ARTHROPOD BORNE INFECTIONS
Mode of Transmission:

A
  1. Vector transmission: By bite of female anopheles mosquito
  2. Direct transmission: By injections of infected blood or plasma
  3. Congenital: Infected mother to newborn
24
Q

ARTHROPOD BORNE INFECTIONS
Signs and Symptoms

A

I. Cold Stage
- Onset of Fever with chills and sensation of extreme cold.
2. Hot Stage
- Temperature rise up to I06
- Intense headache.
3. Sweating stage:
- Fever decreases with sweating•

25
Q

ARTHROPOD BORNE INFECTIONS
Prevention

A

I. General measures
- Prophylaxis for prevention bites of fleas - by controlling rats.
- Early diagnosis, notification, isolation & disinfection of excretions like sputum.
- Attendant must wear protective measures like gloves

26
Q

• An infection of the skin that can be caused by bacteria, fungus, viruses or parasites.

A

SURFACE INFECTIONS

27
Q

• Also called - Hydrophobia
• Caused by virus Infect
CNS and salivary glands.

A

RABIES:

28
Q

RABIES: Incubation Period:

A

• varies with patient-to-patient
• Shorter in children
• Also depends upon site of infection
• Face : 30 days - Hands: 40 days - Legs: 60 days
Whole minimum time is 9 days - 4 to 8 weeks.

29
Q

RABIES: Mode of Transmission:

A

• Mainly spread by,
I. Zoonosis
2. Spreads by wide range of animals
3. Mostly by bites or lick on broken skin

30
Q

Animals; Rabies symptoms

A

may appear sick, crazed, or
vicious (“mad dog”)

nocturnal animals alert during the day may also appear overly friendly, docile, or confused

31
Q

Human; Rabies symptoms

A

Pain, tingling, and/or itching at bite site.
nonspecific - fever, chills, fatigue, muscle aches later - high fever, agitation, confusion
extreme hydrophobia and aerophobia
death during later stages

32
Q

SURFACE INFECTIONS
Prevention

A

I. Pre-exposure prophylaxis
- Risky persons like zoo-keepers should be immunized.
- Compulsory vaccination of pets & stray dogs.

33
Q

SURFACE INFECTIONS
Prevention

A
  1. Post-exposure prophylaxis
    - Prompt & proper treatment
    - Also take following measures
    - Wash area of bite using plenty of soap & water for about 5
    min
    - Apply antiseptics like tincture of iodine
    - Vaccination: I ml vaccine at 0,3,7,I4,30 & 90 days
34
Q

An infection transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites

A

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STD)

35
Q

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STD)
Incubation Period:

A

• About IOdays - IO weeks. average periods is 3 weeks

36
Q

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STD)
Mode of Transmission:

A

• By sexual contact with infected partner
• Less common
-Through blood transmission
-Mother to child

37
Q

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE (STD)
Prevention

A

• Use of contraceptive device (condoms)
• Avoid unsafe sexual contact.
• Create awareness about STD’s.

38
Q

Chain of Infection:

A

Germs (Agent)
Bacteria ,Viruses ,Parasites

Where Germs Live
(Reservoir)
People, Animals/Pets (dogs, cats, reptiles) Wild animals, Food, Soil, Water

How Germs Get Out
(Portal of Exit)
During diapering and toileting stool)

Germs Get Around (Mode of Transmission)
• Contact (hands, toys, sand)
• Droplets (when you speak, sneeze or cough)

How Germs Get In (Portal of Entry)
Mouth, eyes ,cuts in skin

Next Sick Person (Susceptible Host)
• Babies
• Children
• Elderly
• People with a weakened immune system
: Anyonunized

8 MAPEH (4 decks)

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