3rd Form Definitions And Key Concepts Flashcards
Pathogen
A microorganism that causes a disease
Nucleus
-Controls the activity of the cell (by making proteins)
-Contains the chromosomes - strands of DNA which carry the genes (each gene codes for a protein)
Cell membrane
-Boundary between the cytoplasm and the cell’s surroundings
-Controls what
substances enter and leave the cell (selectively permeable)
Cytoplasm
-Jelly-like liquid where chemical reactions occur
Mitochondria
-Carries out some reactions of aerobic respiration, producing ATP (energy
carrier molecule)
Ribosomes
-Synthesise (assemble) proteins from amino acids
Chloroplasts
ALE,AUITCOCROP/S,MBMFPC
-Absorb light energy and use it to carry out the chemical reactions of photosynthesis, making biological molecules for plant cells
Cell wall
-Made of cellulose (a carbohydrate) in plants
-Helps to keep plant cells in a fixed shape (and so keeps the plant upright)
Vacuole
F
-Filled with a watery liquid called cell sap
-stores dissolved sugars, mineral ions and other substances.
Waxy cuticle
OPLTPWLVE
Outermost protective layer that prevents water loss via evaporation
Upper epidermis
TATLOCTALTEPM
Thin and transparent layer of cells to allow light to enter Palisade Mesophyll
Palisade mesophyll
LTPWC,TMLAFP/S
Layer tightly packed with Chloroplasts to maximise light absorption for Photosynthesis
Lower epidermis
Contains guard cells and stomata
Spongy mesophyll
LCIAS TISATVR FTDOG
Layer containing internal air spaces to increases surface area to volume ratio for the diffusion of gases (mainly
Carbon Dioxide)
Guard cell
CTC TOACOS BAA LWTRGE
Cells that control the opening and closing of Stomata by absorbing and losing water to regulate gas exchange