3rd Edition Chapter 19 Crew Resource Management Flashcards
A behavioral approach to reducing human error in high-risk or high-consequence activities?
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
5 steps to create a safety culture?
- Provide honest sharing of safety information without the fear of reprisal from superiors
- Adopt a non punitive policy toward errors
- Take action to reduce errors in the system. Walk the talk
- Train fire fighters in error avoidance and detection
- Train fire officers in evaluating situations, reinforcing error avoidance, and managing the safety process
According to Dr. James Reason, what are the two reasons why holes appear in layers of defense?
- Active Failures
2. Laten Conditions
Unsafe acts committed by people who are in direct contact with the situation or system?
Active Failures
Inevitable “resident pathogens” within the system?
Latent Conditions
Latent conditions have two kinds of adverse effects?
- They can translate into error-provoking conditions with the local workplace
- They can create long-lasting holes or weaknesses in the defense
Crew Resource Management (CRM) is an error management model with three activities?
- Avoidance
- Entrapment
- Mitigation
Provides the greatest opportunity for trapping and preventing errors from becoming a catastrophe?
Error Avoidance
The action taken by emergency responders to minimize the effect of an emergency on a community?
Mitigation
The fire service CRM model covers six areas?
- Communication Skills
- Teamwork
- Task allocation
- Critical decision making
- Situational awareness
- Debriefing
The successful transfer and understanding of a thought from one person to another?
Communication
Discrete, learnable skills that promote synergy between the mechanical element and the human players in a scenario?
Inquiry and Advocacy
The process of questioning a situation that causes concern?
Inquiry
The statement of opinion that recommends what the person believes is the proper course of action under a specific set of circumstances?
Advocacy
Todd Bishop, five-step assertive statement process that encompasses the inquiry and advocacy communications steps?
- Use an opening/attention getter
- State your concern
- State the problem as you see it
- State a solution
- Obtain agreement or buy-in
What are the three components that comprise the triangle of leadership?
- Trust and Respect
- Effective Leadership
- Leadership Skills
True respect is base on three competencies?
- Personal
- Technical
- Social
Referes to an individual’s own internal strengths, capabilities, and character?
Personal Competence
Refers to an individual’s ability to perform tasks that require specific knowledge or skills?
Technical Competence
Refers to the person’s ability to interact effectively with other people?
Social Competence
All followers should perform a self-assessment of their ability to function as part of a team. The self-assessment should consider four critical areas?
- Physical Condition
- Mental Condition
- Attitude
- Understanding human behavior
Dividing responsibilities among individuals and teams in a manner that allows for their effective accomplishment?
Task Allocation
Occurs when the fire officer exceeds his or her capacity to manage all of the simultaneous functions and responsibilities?
Task Overload
What are the two decision-making models identified by cognitive psychologist Gary Klein?
- Recognition-Primed Decision Making (RPD)
2. Naturalistic Decision Making
Which decision making model, describes how commanders can recognize a plausible plan of action?
Recognition-Primed Decision Making (RPD)
Which decision making model, describes how commanders make decisions in their natural environment?
Naturalistic Decision Making
The accurate perception of what is going on around you. The awareness of acknowledging and assessing; the basis for choosing courses of action of the situation both now and in the future?
Situational Awareness
What are the six steps that should be followed to maintain emergency scene situational awareness?
- Fight the fire
- Assess problems in the time available
- Gather information from all sources
- Choose the best option
- Monitor results and alter the plan as necessary
- Beware of situational awareness loss factors
What are the seven situational awareness loss factors?
- Ambiguity
- Distraction
- Fixation
- Overload
- Complacency
- Improper Procedure
- Unresolved Discrepancy
An event, order, or message that has more than one potential meaning?
Ambiguity
Anything that takes attention away from the larger mission?
Distraction
Tunnel Vision?
Fixation
More things are happening than one person can process?
Overload
When humans perform the same process repeatedly, they tend to become bored due to the hypnotic effect of repetitive action?
Complacency
Offers personnel operating at an incident the opportunity to “replay” the event, extract lessons learned, and evaluate performance?
Debriefing
Lubnau and Okray recommend a five-step model that lays out a simple formula for conducting a successful debriefing?
- Just the Facts
- What did you do?
- What went wrong?
- What went right?
- What are you going to do about it?
