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Top 200 First 100 > 3rd 25 > Flashcards

3rd 25 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Apixaban’s brand name? Dabigatran? Enoxaparin? Rivaroxaban? Warfarin?

What is apixaban(eliquis) and rivaroxiban(xarelto)’s MOA?

What about Dabigatran(Pradaxa)?

Enoxaparin’s(Lovenox)? Warfarin?

A

Eliquis. Pradaxa. Lovenox. Xarelto. Coumadin.

Inhibits platelet activation and fibrin clot formation via
direct, selective, and reversible inhibition of free and clot bound factor Xa.

Specific, reversible, direct thrombin inhibitor that inhibits both free and fibrin-bound thrombin

Strong Xa inhibitor. Vitamin K inhibitor.

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2
Q

What anti coagulants are not DOAC?

Key points/BBW/CI’s for the anticoagulants?

A

Warfarin(Coumadin), and Enoxaparin(Lovenox).

CI’d in hypersensitivity and acute pathological bleeding. BBW for discontinuation/spinal or epidural hematoma. Watch for risk of bleeding, monitoring, don’t miss dose.

Dabigatran watch for patients with heart valves, don’t crush. Enoxaparin watch for sensitivity to pork, inject into fatty area with air bubble.

Rivaroxaban take with food if 15 mg or higher.

Warfarin very bad, monitor INR.

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3
Q

What is Apixaban(Eliquis) dosing/strength?

Dabigatran( Pradaxa)?

Enoxaparin(lovenox)?

Rivaroxaban(Xarelto)?

Warfarin(Coumadin)?

A

AF: 5 mg BID, PE: 10 mg BID 7 days, then 5 mg BID. Prophylaxis is 2.5 mg BID. 2.5 and 5 mg tab.

150 mg BID. Capsule 75-150 mg.

30 mg SQ q12 or 40 mg SQ qday for prophylaxis. For PE or DVT is 1mg/kg q12 or 1.5 mg/kg qday.

10-20 mg qday. Oral tablet 10-20 mg.

2-10 mg qday, tablet 1-10 mg.

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4
Q

What is Baclofen’s brand name? Carisoprodol? Cyclobenzaprine? Which one is a control?

MOA?

CI’s/BBW/Other things for the skeletal muscle relaxants?

A

Lioresal. Soma. Amrix, Flexeril. Carisoprodol(Soma(Class 4)).

Inhibits synaptic neurons .

Hypersensitivity and intraethical for baclofen. History of actue intermitten polyphoria. Cyclo is heart failure, thyroidproblems, etc. Hypotonia, drowsiness, confusion, nausea and vomiting, headache, dry mouth for cyclobenzaprine(flexeril).

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5
Q

Baclofen(Lioresal) dosing/strength?

Carisoprodol(Soma)?

Cyclobenzaprine(flexeril)?

A

5-20 mg TID max 80 mg. Tablet and suspension 10,20 mg.

250-350 mg TID and at bedtime for 2-3 weeks. 250,350 mg tabs.

5-10 mg TID prn, comes in cream and suspension as well, 5-30 mg tabs.

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6
Q

What is Benztropine’s brand name? MOA?

BBW/CI’s/Key points?

Benztropine(cogentin) dosing/strength?

A

Cogentin, anticholinergic and antihistemic, treats parkinsons and extrapyradmial symptoms.

CI’d in hypersensitivity and children younger than 3. Watch for tachycardia and anticholinergic effects.

Injection and tablet. 1-2 mg 2-3x daily. Max 6mg/day. tablet 0.5-2 mg.

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7
Q

Butalbital/APAP/Caffeine brand name? MOA?

Fiorcet BBW/CI’s/Key points?

Fiorcet dosing/strength?

A

Fiorcet, Esgic. Barbiturate, depresses sensory cortex, decrease motor function, alters cerebellar function.

Treats tension headache. CI’d in hypersensitivity and Porphyria. BBW is hepatoxicity, Watch for dizziness, sedation, N & V, avoid alcohol and other acetaminophen products.

1-2 tabs/capsules q4h. Max 6 tabs per day. Comes in capsule, liquid, tablet.

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8
Q

Clonidine’s brand name? Doxazosin brand name? MOA?

BBW/CI’s/ Key points for the alphas?

Clonidine(catapres) dosing/strength?

Doxazosin(cardura) dosing/strength?

A

Catapres. Cardura. Simulates alpha 2 receptors in brain, competitively inhibits alpha 1 receptors

CI’d in hypersensitivity, BBW is epidural use, anticholinergic symptoms. Dizziness, orthostatic, take Doxazosin at bedtime.

.1 mg BID, max 2.4 mg/day. Comes as patch and tablet.

1-8 mg qday, max 8 per day. tablet 1-8 mg, comes as IV as well.

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9
Q

Clopidogrels brand name? MOA?

BBW/CI’s/Key points for clopidogrel?

Clopidogrel(Plavix) dosing/strength?

A

Plavix, blocks p2y12 component on platelet surfaces.

BBW is diminished effect in cyp2c19 gene malfunction, CI’d in hypersens, bleeding. Watch for rash and raised bleed risk.

75 mg qday,300-600 mg loading dose, tablet 75, 300 mg.

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10
Q

Digoxin brand name? MOA?

BBW/CI’s/Key points for Digoxin(Digitek)?

Digoxin(digitek) dosing/strength?

A

Digitek, Digox. Inhibits the sodium/potassium ATPase pump in myocardial cells leading to increased contractility. Directly suppresses AV node conduction to increase effective refractory period and decrease conduction velocity.

CI’d in hypersensitive/ ventricular fibrilation. Can cause bradycardia and hyperkalemia, narrow therapeutic index, toxicity can cause vision halos, N&V.

.125-.25 mg qday, 0625-.25 mg tab, comes injection, solution, tablet.

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11
Q

Eszopilcone brand name? MOA?

BBW/CI’s/ Key points for Eszopiclone(Lunesta)?

Eszopiclone(Lunesta) dosing/strength?

A

Lunesta(category 4), May interact with GABA-receptor complexes at binding domains located close to or allosterically coupled to benzodiazepine receptors

CI’d hypersensitivity, may distort taste, cause drowsiness, avoid alcohol.

1-3 mg qhs, 3 mg max. tablet 1-3 mg.

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12
Q

Ezetimibe brand name? MOA?

BBW/CI’s/Key points for ezetimibe(zetia)?

Ezteimibe(zetia) dosing/strength?

A

Zetia, Inhibits absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine via the sterol transporter, Niemann-Pick C1- Like1 (NPC1L1).

concurrent use with a statin in hepatic disease, pregnancy and breastfeeding when using a statin, watch for fatigue,arthralgia, diarrhea.

10 mg qday, 10 mg tab.

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13
Q

Fenofibrate brand name? MOA?

BBW/CI’s/ Key points for fenofibrate(tricor)?

Fenofibrate(tricor) dosing/strength?

A

Tricor, Fibricor, MOA long.

CI’d in active liver disease and severe renal impairment. Watch for abdominal pain, myalgia, diarrhea, hepatic injury.

30-160 mg once daily, normal tablet and micronized.

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14
Q

Folic Acid brand name? MOA?

BBW/CI’s/ Key points for folic acid?

Folic acid dosing/strength?

A

folic acid, water soluble vitamin necessary for a lot of body functions.

CI’d hypersensitivity, take regularly even not on methotrexate, side effects mild.

.4 mg-1mg once daily. Comes capsule,tab, injection. 400 mcg, 800 mcg, 1 mg.

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15
Q

Furosemide’s brand name? Spironolactone? Triamterene and HCTZ? MOA?

BBW/CI’s/ Key points for Furosemide?

Spironolactone?

Triamterene and HCTZ(maxzide)?

A

Lasix. Aldactone. Dyazide, Maxzide. Inhibits sodium reabsorption in loop of henle, Spironolactone competes with aldosterone.

BBW is fluid/electrolyte loss, CI’d in hypersensitivity and anuria, watch for hypokalemia and uricemia, take in morning, possible sulfa cross with furosemide.

Watch for hyperkalemia, BBW is tumorigenic, don’t use with eplerenone.

BBW hyperkalemia, watch for photosensitivity, same CI’s basically.

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16
Q

Furosemide(Lasix) dosing/strength?

Dosing/strength for Spironolactone(aldactone)?

Traimterene and HCTZ(Maxzide) dosing/strength?

A

20-80 mg once daily up to q6h, come as injection, oral tablet 20-80 mg.

25-100 mg once daily, if HF 50 mg daily. 25-100 mg tab.

37.5/25 mg once daily or double.

17
Q

Gemfibrozil brand name? MOA?

Gemfibrozil(lopid) BBW/CI/ Key points?

Gemfibrozil(lopid) dosing/strength?

A

Lopid, inhibits lipolysis and decreases fatty acid uptake.

CI’d in severe hepatic and renal failure, gallbladder disease, use with simvastatin, repaglinide, dasabuvir. Watch for fatigue, abdominal pain, upset stomach.

600 mg BID 30 minutes before breakfast and dinner, oral tablet 600 mg.

18
Q

Hydralazine brand name? MOA?

BBW/CI’s/ Key points for hydralazine(apresoline)?

Hydralazine(apresoline) dosing/strength?

A

Apresoline, direct vasodilation of arterioles.

CI’d in heart disease, watch for headache, increased HR and sometimes lupus like symptoms.

10-50 mg QID, max 300 mg/day. 10-100 mg tab can come as injection and tab.

19
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate and monotrate brand name? MOA? Nitroglycerin brand name?

BBW/CIs/Key points for them?

Isodorbide dinitrate(isodril) dosing?

Isosorbide monotrate(imdur) dosing?

Nitroglycerin(nitrobid) dosing?

A

Isodril, Imdur. Activates cGMP leading to dephosphorylation of myosin light chains and smooth muscle relaxation. Nitrobid, nitrolingual, etc. same moa.

Don’t use with PDE inhibitor and riociaguat, may cause headache and dizziness, should be dose to provide a nitrate free period.

10-40 mg TID or BID.

20 mg BID. 60-120 mg once daily for XR. 0.3-0.6 subq q5minutes. 2.5-6.5 mg TID for tab.

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