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3CHN > 3CHN Monthlies Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

3CHN Monthlies Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

why is there a need for the control of communicable diseases

A
  • Population grow and move
  • Microbes adapt
  • Public health risks increase
  • Diseases travel fast
  • Health security is at stake
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2
Q

communicable disease

A

Spread from one source to another

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3
Q

infectious

A

Caused by pathogenic microorganism: bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite

Can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another

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4
Q

contagious

A

Contact with the one who has it; body discharge, object touched

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5
Q

modes of transmission: direct

A

Direct contact
- soil, sex

Droplet transmission
- coughing, sneezing

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6
Q

modes of transmission: indirect

A
  • Airborne transmission
  • Vector-borne transmission
  • Common vehicle transmission
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7
Q

RA 3573 (1929)

A

Law on reporting of communicable diseases → notifiable/ reportable diseases

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8
Q

RA 4073

A

Law liberalizing the treatment of leprosy

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9
Q

Ministry Circular No. 2, series 1986

A

included AIDS among the notifiable diseases

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10
Q

AO no. 2005-0023

A

Implementing guidelines for Fourmula One for Health as Framework for health reforms - disease surveillance shall be intensified

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11
Q

Department Personnel Order No. 2005-1585

A

Creation of Management Committee on Prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

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12
Q

AO no. 2007-0036

A

Guidelines on the Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response Framework

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13
Q

major public health programs for cd control

A
  • Leprosy Control Program
  • Malaria Control Program
  • Filariasis Control Program
  • Schistosomiasis Control Program
  • Control of Mosquito-borne Diseases
  • National Tuberculosis Program
  • Rabies Control Program
  • HIV and STIs Control Program
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14
Q

Leprosy (Hansen Disease)

A

An ancient disease and is a leading cause of permanent physical disability.

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15
Q

Causative Agent: Leprosy

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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16
Q

Leprosy mode of transmission

A

skin to skin, droplet

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17
Q

Leprosy early signs and symptoms

A
  • Loss of sensation at site of discolored skin
  • Reddish or whitish change in skin color
  • Enlargement of peripheral nerves
  • Loss of sweat (anhidrosis)
  • Loss of hair growth
  • Redness/painful eyes
  • Epistaxis/nasal obstruction
  • Skin lesion that do not heal
18
Q

Leprosy late signs

A
  • Madarosis (loss of eyebrows or eyelashes)
  • Lagophthalmos (incomplete or defective
    closure of the eyelids)
  • Sinking of the bridge of the nose
  • Leonine face (facies that resembles that of a
    lion)
  • Gynecomastia
  • Clawing/contracture of fingers/toes
  • Ulcerations
19
Q

National Leprosy Control Program

A

To further reduce the disease burden and sustain provision of high-quality leprosy services for all affected communities

20
Q

National Leprosy Control Program strategies and implementation

A
  • Strengthen local government ownership, coordination and partnership
  • Stop leprosy and its complications
  • Stop discrimination and promote inclusion
21
Q

malaria

A

a mosquito-borne febrile illness caused by the Plasmodium protozoa

22
Q

primary vectors: malaria

A

virus-infected female Anopheles mosquitoes

23
Q

malaria mode of transmission

A

a life-threatening disease caused by plasmodium parasites transmitted by anopheles mosquito or rarely through blood transfusion and sharing of contaminated needles

24
Q

malaria symptoms

A

associated with the rupture and release of merozoites during the blood stage

Classically paroxysms of chills, fevers, and diaphoresis occur, every second day “tertian fever”

  • Recurrent fever preceded by chills
  • Profuse sweating
  • Malaise
  • Anemia
  • Hepatomegaly & splenomegaly
25
Q

malaria prevention and control

A
  1. Mosquito control (based on characteristics of the Anopheles)
  2. Screening of blood donors
  3. Care in handling syringes and needles used on patients with malaria
  4. Chemoprophylaxis
26
Q

malaria control program

A

A Malaria–Free Philippines by

2030

27
Q

filariasis

A

a complex of parasitic diseases caused by threadlike nematodes transmitted by the bites of mosquitos and black flies.

28
Q

filariasis causative agents

A
  • Wuchereria brancrofti

- Brugia malayi, B. timori

29
Q

filariasis mode of transmission

A

Mosquito bite

bite of an infected mosquito and developed into adult worms in the lymphatic vessels → damage, swelling (lymphedema)

30
Q

filariasis vector

A

Aedes poicillus (female/night biter)

31
Q

filariasis acute stage symptoms

A

Chills, fever, lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, funiculitis, orchitis

32
Q

filariasis chronic stage symptoms

A

Hydrocele, Lymphedema, Elephantiasis

33
Q

filariasis nursing care

A

symptomatic

34
Q

prevention

A

Eradication of vectors

35
Q

filariasis elimination program

A

Elimination of Filariasis as a

public health problem thru comprehensive approach and universal access to quality health services

36
Q

filariasis elimination program component

A
  • interruption of transmission

- control and reduce the morbidity

37
Q

schistosomiasis

A

Snail fever or Bilharziasis

38
Q

schistosomiasis causative agents

A

blood flukes

a trematode infection of humans caused by a blood fluke

39
Q

schistosomiasis facts

A

Next to malaria, second most prevalent disease caused by a parasite

Death is usually due to liver cirrhosis or bladder cancer.

40
Q

schistosomiasis symptoms

A
  • fever
  • chills
  • malaise
  • abdominal pain
  • diarrhea
  • hematochezia
  • chest pain
  • cough
  • hepatoslenomegaly

Most infections are asymptomatic

41
Q

schistosomiasis prevention and control

A
  • drug treatment
  • Environmental Sanitation
  • Health Education on mode of transmission
  • Snail control through focal use of
    molluscicides
  • Improve irrigation and agriculture practices
  • Avoid contact with snail-infested water
42
Q

schistosomiasis control program

A

Conducted by DOH to interrupt the transmission of Schistosomiasis by the year 2025 with “Schistosomiasis Free Philippines” as its vision

3CHN (4 decks)

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