3CHN Monthlies Communicable Diseases Flashcards
why is there a need for the control of communicable diseases
- Population grow and move
- Microbes adapt
- Public health risks increase
- Diseases travel fast
- Health security is at stake
communicable disease
Spread from one source to another
infectious
Caused by pathogenic microorganism: bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite
Can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another
contagious
Contact with the one who has it; body discharge, object touched
modes of transmission: direct
Direct contact
- soil, sex
Droplet transmission
- coughing, sneezing
modes of transmission: indirect
- Airborne transmission
- Vector-borne transmission
- Common vehicle transmission
RA 3573 (1929)
Law on reporting of communicable diseases → notifiable/ reportable diseases
RA 4073
Law liberalizing the treatment of leprosy
Ministry Circular No. 2, series 1986
included AIDS among the notifiable diseases
AO no. 2005-0023
Implementing guidelines for Fourmula One for Health as Framework for health reforms - disease surveillance shall be intensified
Department Personnel Order No. 2005-1585
Creation of Management Committee on Prevention and control of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
AO no. 2007-0036
Guidelines on the Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response Framework
major public health programs for cd control
- Leprosy Control Program
- Malaria Control Program
- Filariasis Control Program
- Schistosomiasis Control Program
- Control of Mosquito-borne Diseases
- National Tuberculosis Program
- Rabies Control Program
- HIV and STIs Control Program
Leprosy (Hansen Disease)
An ancient disease and is a leading cause of permanent physical disability.
Causative Agent: Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
Leprosy mode of transmission
skin to skin, droplet
Leprosy early signs and symptoms
- Loss of sensation at site of discolored skin
- Reddish or whitish change in skin color
- Enlargement of peripheral nerves
- Loss of sweat (anhidrosis)
- Loss of hair growth
- Redness/painful eyes
- Epistaxis/nasal obstruction
- Skin lesion that do not heal
Leprosy late signs
- Madarosis (loss of eyebrows or eyelashes)
- Lagophthalmos (incomplete or defective
closure of the eyelids) - Sinking of the bridge of the nose
- Leonine face (facies that resembles that of a
lion) - Gynecomastia
- Clawing/contracture of fingers/toes
- Ulcerations
National Leprosy Control Program
To further reduce the disease burden and sustain provision of high-quality leprosy services for all affected communities
National Leprosy Control Program strategies and implementation
- Strengthen local government ownership, coordination and partnership
- Stop leprosy and its complications
- Stop discrimination and promote inclusion
malaria
a mosquito-borne febrile illness caused by the Plasmodium protozoa
primary vectors: malaria
virus-infected female Anopheles mosquitoes
malaria mode of transmission
a life-threatening disease caused by plasmodium parasites transmitted by anopheles mosquito or rarely through blood transfusion and sharing of contaminated needles
malaria symptoms
associated with the rupture and release of merozoites during the blood stage
Classically paroxysms of chills, fevers, and diaphoresis occur, every second day “tertian fever”
- Recurrent fever preceded by chills
- Profuse sweating
- Malaise
- Anemia
- Hepatomegaly & splenomegaly
malaria prevention and control
- Mosquito control (based on characteristics of the Anopheles)
- Screening of blood donors
- Care in handling syringes and needles used on patients with malaria
- Chemoprophylaxis
malaria control program
A Malaria–Free Philippines by
2030
filariasis
a complex of parasitic diseases caused by threadlike nematodes transmitted by the bites of mosquitos and black flies.
filariasis causative agents
- Wuchereria brancrofti
- Brugia malayi, B. timori
filariasis mode of transmission
Mosquito bite
bite of an infected mosquito and developed into adult worms in the lymphatic vessels → damage, swelling (lymphedema)
filariasis vector
Aedes poicillus (female/night biter)
filariasis acute stage symptoms
Chills, fever, lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, funiculitis, orchitis
filariasis chronic stage symptoms
Hydrocele, Lymphedema, Elephantiasis
filariasis nursing care
symptomatic
prevention
Eradication of vectors
filariasis elimination program
Elimination of Filariasis as a
public health problem thru comprehensive approach and universal access to quality health services
filariasis elimination program component
- interruption of transmission
- control and reduce the morbidity
schistosomiasis
Snail fever or Bilharziasis
schistosomiasis causative agents
blood flukes
a trematode infection of humans caused by a blood fluke
schistosomiasis facts
Next to malaria, second most prevalent disease caused by a parasite
Death is usually due to liver cirrhosis or bladder cancer.
schistosomiasis symptoms
- fever
- chills
- malaise
- abdominal pain
- diarrhea
- hematochezia
- chest pain
- cough
- hepatoslenomegaly
Most infections are asymptomatic
schistosomiasis prevention and control
- drug treatment
- Environmental Sanitation
- Health Education on mode of transmission
- Snail control through focal use of
molluscicides - Improve irrigation and agriculture practices
- Avoid contact with snail-infested water
schistosomiasis control program
Conducted by DOH to interrupt the transmission of Schistosomiasis by the year 2025 with “Schistosomiasis Free Philippines” as its vision
