3CHN Monthlies: care of the population group Flashcards
what is a population?
a group of people having common personal or environmental characteristics
levels of clientele
Individual - Family, Community - Population
Population
mixture of different subgroups
Aggregates
subgroups or subpopulations that have common characteristics or concerns. Ex: elderly, high risks (aggregate) infants (population).
this helps identify special needs, thus, providing specific and more efficient care.
population-focused nursing
concentrates on specific groups of people and focuses on health promotion and disease prevention regardless the location
- do a needs assessment
- consider the broad determinants of health
- systematic approach: problems are defined by assessment, diagnosis, solutions
goal of population-focused nursing
provision of evidence based care to targeted groups of people with similar needs in order to improve outcomes
characteristics of a population-focused nursing
- focuses on the entire population
- based on the assessment of the population’s health status
- considers all determinants of health
- emphasizes all levels of prevention
- intervenes with communities, systems, individuals, and families
public health interventions wheel (population based)
- core: case finding and individual focused assessment
- community-focused
- systems-focused
- answers “what do public health nurses do?”
(public health interventions wheel)
always start with the individual
(individual - population group - community)
- based interventions on common problem of the community but still address the individual problem
population based - population at risk
people that has common identified risk factor/exposure that brings harm to health
population based - population of interest
essentially healthy but their strength can still be enhanced/protected
3 levels of practice
- community
- systems
- individual/family
3 levels of practice - community
see changes in the community’s norm, attitudes, practices, and behavior
3 levels of practice - systems
changes after the intervention. There will be changes in the organizations, in the policies/laws, or power structures in the community - affects the system
3 levels of practice - individual or family
Bring effect on their knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, practices, and behaviors whether individually/family level
17 public health interventions
Interventions implemented together to address population concerns
information useful for population focus
- demographic data
- groups at high risk
- services/providers available
information useful fo population focus - demographic data
Age, Gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education level
Vital statistic data, census
mayor, city hall, civil registry, PSA
information useful fo population focus - groups at high risk
Health status and health indicators of various subpopulation
Health statistics (morbidity, mortality, natality), disease statistics (incidence and prevalence)
information useful fo population focus - services/providers available
Official (public) health departments
City directories, phone books, local or regional social workers;low income providers’ list, local community health nurses
primary data
from the person themselves
Secondary Data
collected from the records
examples of demographic data
- age structure in the population
- gender structure
- race/ethnicity
- median age
- socioeconomic status
- education level
- marital status
types of population groups - age structure
based on resources and capability to provide needs and services
- Dependent Population
- Independent Population
Dependent Population
- Age below 15 and 65 and above
- Youth Dependent (0-15)
- Elderly Dependent (65 above)
- rely on others
Independent Population
- Age between 15 to 64
- Working group
- Capable of providing for themselves
and others
Gender structure - Population pyramid
Tell us the structure of the population.
- Allows us to compare the number of people from different age groups and gender
- Determine number of dependent and independent
individuals
- We can project what can happen in
the future
Gender Structure - Sex Ratio
Formula: No. Males / No. of Females x 100
= for every blank males there are 100 females
Race/Ethnicity
Have special needs: We have to preserve and respect their culture, tradition, and practices
- Different groups of indigneous people, bicolano, mangyan, kapampangan etc.
median age
Gives us a better picture of what the age distribution itself looks life
- Can be used for planning programs and policy making
“24.3 years”
socioeconomic status
Social - religion, civil status
Economic - Type of job, dependency ratio
Dependency Ratio
- No. of dependent / No. of independent) x 100
Education level
Determines the level of educational attainment
marital status
Single - not legally married
Married - have attended sacrament of matrimony
Common law/ Live-in - living together but not
formally recognized not legally binded, nagsasama
Widowed - sumakabilang buhay ang asawa
Separated - single parents
High Risk/ Vulnerable Groups
Vulnerability is defined as susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that may lead to an adverse effect
- at greater risk for poor health status and that have poor access to health care
- Abused Children
- People in the correctional (prisoners)
- Mentally Disordered
- Adolescents (10-19)
Adolescence
Ranges from ages 10-19
- Time where lifelong health habits including
diet exercise, emotional health, problem solving skills & coping strategies are developed
- Time when they struggle to gain independence which prompt them to engage in risk-taking behaviors
- These behaviors are mostly influenced by their peers, family, characteristics of their community
Adolescence - Factors affecting adolescent health issues:
- Lack of life Skills
- Lack of Access to health services
- Lack of Safe and Supportive Environment
Factors affecting adolescent health issues: Lack of life Skills
ability for adaptive and positive behavior that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands of everyday life
Factors affecting adolescent health issues: Lack of Access to health services
Adolescents neither use nor avail of health services unless they have an underlying condition or acute illness
- rarely use preventive medicines
Factors affecting adolescent health issues: Lack of Safe and Supportive Environment
Lack of environment that provides physical, social & emotional needs
Adolescent Health Issues
- Early pregnancy & childbirth (30% of births)
- HIV
- Malnutrition
- Mental Health
- Tobacco Use
- Harmful use of alcohol (starts at 13-15 y/o)
- Violence Injuries
Characteristics Of Adolescent-Friendly Health Services (WHO)
- Accessible
- All services are readily available - Acceptable
- Adolescents are willing to obtain; meets expectations - Equitable
- Can be obtained by all groups - Appropriate
- Meets the needs of the adolescents; right health services are provided - Effective
- Services provided must have positive contributions & improve the health; given the right way
Required Quality of Adolescent Health Service
Provision
- Available services
- Appealing & respectful
- Non judgemental & considerate
- Appropriate delivery
- Support the provision of service
- Awareness of available services
- Able to willing to obtain service
Adult Men and Women Program
- Management of illness
- Counselling substance abuse , sexuality & Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI)
- Nutrition & Diet Counselling
- Mental Health
- Family planning & responsible sexual behavior
- Dental care
- Screening & management of lifestyle Related & Other Degenerative Diseases
health packages for women’s health
- Breast self-examination: Monthly
- Clinical breast examination: Annually
- Mammogram (for 14 years & older): Every 1 to 2 years
- Pelvic examination & Papanicolaou smear: Annually
- Digital rectal examination: Annually with pelvic examination
- Bone density: once after menopause & more frequently if at risk
health packages for men’s health
- Gender-linked behavior
2. Screening tests for healthy young men younger than 50 years
RA 9262
anti-violence against women and their children act of 2004 (VAWC)
- Any act committed by any person against women & children which is likely to result in physical, sexual, & psychological harm/suffering (includes economic abuse)
Advocacy Wheel
promotes empowerment
- Respect Confidentiality
- Believe Her and Validate Her Experiences
- Acknowledge the Injustice
- Respect Her Autonomy
- Help Her Plan for Future Safety
- Promote Access to Community Services
elderly
Aged 60 years and older
- Young old (65 to 75 years old)
- Middle old (75-84 years old)
- Old-old (85 years and older)
Challenges of an Elderly
- Maintaining health and fitness
- Maintaining social networks and activities
- Feelings of sadness and loss
- Ensuring financial security
- Decrease in mobility
- Increase reliance on others
Family Issues in the Care of Filipino Elderly
- Elderly Abuse
- Material or Financial Issue
- Neglect
- Family Caregiver Burden
- Financial Security
- Lack of knowledge of informal caregivers
Elderly Health Services
- Management of Illness
- Counselling substance abuse, sexuality & Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI)
- Nutrition & Diet Counselling
- Mental Health
- Family planning & responsible sexual behavior
- Dental care
- Screening & management of lifestyle Related & Other Degenerative Diseases
- Screening & management of Chronic debilitating & infectious diseases
- Post productive care
Benefits of Senior Citizens (20% discount)
- Medical Related Privileges
- Transportation
- Hotels, restaurants, recreational facilities, places of
leisure - Funeral Services
- Utility Discount
- Tax Exemption
- Freebies
- Government Assistance
philippine plan for action for senior citizens (2012-2016)
Vision
- A society for all ages where senior citizens are empower to achieve ageing
3 priority decision or major areas 1. Senior citizens & development 2. Advancing health & well-being into old age 3. Ensuring enabling & supportive environments
RA 7432
act to maximize the contribution of Senior citizens to Nation Building, Grant Benefits & Special Privileges & for other purposes
RA 9994
Expanded Senior Citizen Act of 2010
RA 10645
Mandatory PhilHealth coverage for all senior citizens
Proc. 470
1st week of October every year as ”Elderly Filipino Week”
RA 9257
Expanded Senior Citizen Act of 2003
facilities for the elderly
- National Center for Geriatric Health (Manila)
- Golden Acres Home for the Aged (Gov’t)
- Mountain Crest Residential Care (Cavite)
- Kanlungan ni Maria
- Blessed Family Home Care Facility (QC)
persons with disability (PWD)
With long term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with barriers may hinder their full & effective participation in society
7 Categories (DOH Classification)
- Psychosocial & behavioral disabilities
- Chronic illness & disability
- Learning (cognitive/intellectual) disabilities
- Mental disabilities
- Visual/seeing disabilities
- Orthopedic/moving disabilities
- Communication deficits
RA 7277
Magna Carta for Disabled Persons
- provides rehabilitation, self development and self reliance
BATAS PAMBASA 344 (Accessibility Law)
enhance the mobilities of disabled persons
RA 10754
act expanding the benefits and privileges of PWDs
Benefits of PWD’s
- At least twenty percent discount and exemption from the VAT
- Educational assistance to PWD
- Mandatory coverage with Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), Social Security (SSS) and Pag-IBIG and PhilHealth
- Provision of excess lanes for PWD
poor
individuals and families
whose income fall below the poverty threshold
poverty threshold
Minimum income/expenditure required for a family/individual to meet the basic food & non-food requirements
last 2015: Php 1,813 for a family of 5 on average monthly
RA 8425
Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act, enacted on December 11, 1997
poverty reduction strategies
- AmBisyon 2040
2. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps): phil version of conditional cash transfer
