3.b. Non-communicable diseases have causes and impacts with mitigation and response strategies which have varying levels of success. Flashcards
Outline social causes of cancer in the UK.
(Causes)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
Lifestyle choices such as smoking, drinking, unbalanced diets, lack of exercise.
Holidays lead to more sun exposure, thus increased risk of skin cancer.
The use of sunbeds before 35 years increases melanoma risk by 60%.
Outline economic causes of cancer in the UK.
(Causes)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
Increase in disposable incomes.
E.g. better vehicles resulting in less walking/running.
Outline cultural causes of cancer in the UK.
(Causes)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
Cultural preferences, such as modern day beauty standards.
What cancer is the most common in women in their 20s?
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
Malignant melanoma.
How does spatial variations in deprivation influence cancer rates?
(Prevalence, incidence, and patterns of the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
20,000 more cases in deprived areas, earlier deaths, this is associated with industrial areas.
Glasgow has the highest cancer rate of any UK health authority.
This may be because they are less likely to be screened early, less time for physical activity, adults/children more likely to be obese, there are more barriers.
What UK region has the highest incidence of cancer?
(Prevalence, incidence, and patterns of the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
East: -10.3% for males, and -5.3% for females.
What UK region has the highest incidence of cancer?
(Prevalence, incidence, and patterns of the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
Scotland: +16.4% for males, and +13.2% for females.
How much does cancer cost the UK economy each year? What is this a result of?
(Socioeconomic impacts of the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
£15.8 billion/ year.
This is from therapies, research, identification, treatments, absenteeism, and early deaths.
In 2018, how many people under the age of 70 died from cancer? How much could they have contributed to the UK economy? How much across the rest of their working life?
(Socioeconomic impacts of the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
In 2018, 54,000 under 70s died, these people could have contributed £585 million to the UK economic; £6.8 billion across the rest of their working lives.
Outline direct impacts of the disease.
(Socioeconomic impacts of the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
35,000 people removed from working labour forces.
120,000 diagnosed with non-fatal each year.
Outline non-direct impacts of the disease.
(Socioeconomic impacts of the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
Over 1 million people are caring for someone with cancer, this impacts productivity and economy.
4 out of 5 with cancer are how much poorer each month because of the cost of cancer? Why is this?
(Socioeconomic impacts of the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
£891 poorer each month:
- Money to hospital (transport).
- Increasing heating due to reduced body temperature.
How is the economy not stimulated by cancer sufferers (other than death)?
(Socioeconomic impacts of the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
Time off due to sick leave.
Outline direct strategies to mitigate cancer.
(Direct and indirect strategies used by government and international agencies to mitigate against the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
Advanced medical technology investments, for example:
- Endoscopy.
- Radiotherapy.
- Free mass screening.
Cancer research donations.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, part of the WHO.
Outline in-direct strategies to mitigate cancer.
(Direct and indirect strategies used by government and international agencies to mitigate against the disease)
(Case Study: Cancer in the UK)
Health education, e.g. Change 4 Life Campaign.
Emphasising lifestyle changes and preventions.
Be clear on cancer.
Rate of obesity is increased, but at a much slower rate than it initially was.
