1.c. Natural hazards can influence the outbreak and spread of disease. Flashcards
Outline Bangladesh’s geography.
(Geographical area covered by the hazard, and its influence on the risk and outbreak of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
A deltaic country that is prone to significant annual river floods.
These floods support a still largely rural population (2019, more than 60% lived in rural areas) by delivering more than 1 billion tonnes of fertile soil.
Fertile soil is a vital agriculture source in Bangladesh. How does it arrive?
(Geographical area covered by the hazard, and its influence on the risk and outbreak of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
Washed down from the Himalayas by the more than 200 rivers including three major rivers: the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna.
What percentage of Bangladesh benefits from this flooding, but is also challenged by it?
(Geographical area covered by the hazard, and its influence on the risk and outbreak of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
80%.
Exposure to flooding is an increasing hazard in Bangladesh. Outline Bangladesh’s flood exposure as a short/ medium-term hazard. What about much longer-term?
(Geographical area covered by the hazard, and its influence on the risk and outbreak of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
Climate change exacerbates flood risk in the short/ medium-term
Much longer term, regional subsidence caused by plate tectonics makes the country more liable to both river and coastal flooding.
What is considered a Bangladesh extreme flood event?
(Environmental factors affecting the spread of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
The Bangladeshi government states that if more than 22% of the country is flooded - it is an extreme flood event.
Flooding in Bangladesh is a seasonal occurrence due to monsoons. Has this changed?
(Environmental factors affecting the spread of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
Flooding in Bangladesh is a seasonal occurrence due to monsoons. However, there has been 6 years of extreme, high magnitude, floods in each year.
Health risks posed by floods were both direct and indirect. What complicated this?
(Human factors affecting the spread of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
The COVID-19 crisis.
2020 floods triggered what? How many became ill as a result?
(Human factors affecting the spread of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
An epidemic of diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases e.g. hepatitis and typhoid; as drinking water and food became contaminated by bacteria in floodwater.
4,500 became ill due to contaminated water.
In the first 2 months, what percentage of the country was flooded?
(Human factors affecting the spread of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
40%.
How many people were affected by the Bangladesh floods? Dead?
(Human factors affecting the spread of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
3.3 million were affected, with 83 dead.
How many homes were waterlogged?
(Human factors affecting the spread of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
750,000 homes were waterlogged.
How many hectares of crops were destroyed? Schools?
(Human factors affecting the spread of disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
110,000 hectares of crops were destroyed, and 1,900 schools were destroyed.
Diarrhoeal disease is especially deadly for who? What supports this?
(Impacts of the disease on resident populations)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
Particularly dangerous for young children.
1 child (under the age of 5) dies from diarrhoea every 2 minutes.
How can diarrhoeal disease be prevented?
(Impacts of the disease on resident populations)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
By providing clean water and effective sanitation; this is difficult for LIDCs.
Bangladesh is improving with reducing the impacts of diarrhoea.
NGOs allow swift intervention in flooded areas. State 3 methods of minimising the impacts of diarrhoeal disease.
(Strategies used to minimise the impacts of the disease)
(Case Study: River flooding in Bangladesh)
ORS (oral rehydration solution).
Promotion of breastfeeding over formula milk.
Encouragement of sanitation, e.g. washing hands.
Water purification tablets.
Female education and nutrition.
