3a: Individual differences Flashcards
What are the big 5 personality traits
OCEAN
Openness Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
Openness
Imaginative, creative, original, curious
Conscientioussness
Hard working, well-organised, punctual
Extroversion
Joiner, talkative, active, affectionate
Agreeableness
Trusting, lenient, soft hearted, good natured
Neuroticism
Worried, temperamental, self conscious, emotinal
Genetic influence on personality
50%
Conscientiousness and health (need)
CONSCIENTIOUSSNESS
- Adds 7.5 years to life
- More likely to engage in healthy behaviours
- Higher medical engagement and adherence
How to increase conscientiousness in health
E.g. text reminders, goal-setting
Neuroticism ad health
Increased reporting of somatic symptoms e.g. pain
Higher rates of mental health disorders
Higher mortality rates e.g. in cardiovascular disease
Health behaviour
- Higher rates of healthcare usage
- Less adherence to healthy behaviours
- Higher rate of health harming behaviours
Intelligence meaning
the ability to acquire knowledge, to think and reason effectively, and to deal adaptively with the environment
What is iq score
IQ= mental age/chronological age *100
A score of 100 is considered average
Test-taker’s performance relative to average performance of other’s the same age
What is mental age referring to
All children follow the same course of mental development, but at different paces
Binet-Simon scale measures mental age
What is distribution of IQ scores
Normal
Limitations of IQ
Averaging
-Not good e.g. in strokes where specific cognitive functions may be affected
What is the psychometric approach
Broke down Spearman’s ‘g’ into 2 distinct domains:
Crystallised= ability to apply previously acquired knowledge to current problems. Will improve with age and then stabilise
Fluid= the ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations for which personal experience does not provide a solution. Shows pattern of DECLINE during aging
What is empathising (Baron-Cohen)
both being able to infer the thoughts and feelings of others (‘Theory of Mind’) and having an appropriate emotional reaction
What is systemitising
the drive to analyse or construct any kind of system i.e. identifying the rules that a govern a system, in order to predict how that system will behave
Outline the distributon of empathising people
3 normal distributions, AUTISM has the lowest peak empathising quotient, then males then females
Outline the distribtion of systemising people
Females lowest then males then autism
