397 DM Mgt Flashcards
Chap 397. Diabetes Management and Treatment
OHA with proven cardiovascular safety
Empagliflozin
OHA not given to patients with CHF FC III- IV
Pioglitazone
OHA given for patients with renal disease
Linagliptin
Anti diabetic agent with proven cardiovascular safety for DM type 1
Liraglutide
Anti diabetic agents what may be given to DM type 1
Amylin agonist
Alpha glucosidase
Anti diabetic agent that can decrease appetite
GLP 1 agonist: exenitide and liraglutide
Why is NaHCO3 is not given immediately to patients with DKA?
It can cause Hypokalemia, decreased cardiac output and decreased oxygenation
Name 2 fruits with low sucrose
Grapes
Avocado
Main component of mediterranean diet
Olive oil
US equivalent of gliclazide
Glibenclamide
Which is a main advantage of Metformin
Weight loss
Lowers Lipid profile
Target HbA1c for most individuals
HbA1c less than 7
Target HbA1c for DM Type 1
HbA1c less than 6.5
Target HbA1c for elderly, chronic illness and bedridden
HbA1c less than 8 or 8.5
Reflects glycemic status over the prior 2 weeks
fructosamine assay (measuring glycated albumin)
Reflects glycemic history over the previous 2-3 months
glycated hemoglobin
insulin- carbohydrate ratio
1-1.5 units/ 10 grams CHO
What is amylin and name an example of amylin analogue
Amylin is secreted by pancreatic beta cells together with insulin. A decrease in insulin also means a decrease in amylin
Example of amylin analogue is pramlintide
What is the side effect of pramlintide
slowing gastric emptying
Major toxicity of metformin
lactic acidosis
Analogue of GLP-1 identified in the saliva of the Gila monster
Exenatide
Reduce insulin resistance by binding to PPAR-gamma
Thiazolidinediones
Highest levels of PPAR gamma is found where?
Adipocytes
Contraindicated in CHF Class III and IV
Thiazolidinediones