383 Sex Devt

Question 1

major determinants of sex development

Answer 1

chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, phenotypic sex

Question 2

defined by karypotype

Answer 2

chromosomal sex

Question 3

True or false. Fetuses with no X chromosome are not viable

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

refers to the histologic and functional characteristics of gonadal tissue

Answer 4

gonadal sex

Question 5

refers to the structures of the external and internal genitalia and secondary sex characteristics

Answer 5

phenotypic sex

Question 6

potent androgen that promotes development of the external genitalia including penis and scrotum

Answer 6

dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 7

testosterone supports the development of what

Answer 7

mullerian structures

Question 8

mullerian structures

Answer 8

anti mullerian hormone

Question 9

secreted by the Leydig cells

Answer 9

testosterone

Question 10

what develops into the prostate and prostatic urethra in male and the urethra and lower portion of vagina in females

Answer 10

urogenital sinus

Question 11

needed for maturation of the uterus and breast at puberty

Answer 11

estrogen

Question 12

what happens in the sexual development of females

Answer 12

wolfian ducts regress and mullerian ducts forms

Question 13

what happens in the sexual development of males

Answer 13

wolfian ducts develop and mullerian ducts regress

Question 14

True or false. Embryonic gonads is bipotential from 42 days after conception

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

serves as pivotal switch to establish the testie lineage; destined to become Sertoli cells

Answer 15

SRY

Question 16

secreted by the testis to prevent primordial germ cells to go into meiosis

Answer 16

CYP25B1

Question 17

47, XXY

Answer 17

Classic Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 18

Phenotyphically male; small testes, infertility, gynecomastia, tall stature or increased leg length and hypogonadism

Answer 18

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 19

45, X

Answer 19

Turner’s syndrome

Question 20

bilateral streak gonads, primary amenorrhea, short stature, may be phenotypically female

Answer 20

Turner’s syndrome

Question 21

typical prenatal ultrasound finding for turners syndrome

Answer 21

nuchal translucency

Question 22

formerly called hermaphroditism

Answer 22

ovotesticular DSD

Question 23

caused by insufficient AMH presenting with streak gonads, complete absence of androgenization

Answer 23

Swyer syndrome/ testicular dysgenesis

Question 24

most common cause of congenital adrenal hypoplasia

Answer 24

??

Question 25

male breast enlargement that is more than 4 cm in diameter and often tender

Answer 25

gynecomastia

Question 26

what causes gynecomastia

Answer 26

caused by excess estrogen action and usually due to increased estrogen to androgen ratio

Question 27

instances gynecomastia is physiologic

Answer 27

newborn, early puberty, aging

Question 28

cause of gynecomastia in aging

Answer 28

increase fat tissue and aromatase activity

Question 29

cause of gynecomastia in newborns

Answer 29

transplacental transfer of maternal and placental estrogen

Question 30

cause of gynecomastia in early puberty

Answer 30

high estrogen to androgen ratio

Question 31

condition in which testosterone administration is associated with risk of very high risk of serious adverse outcome

Answer 31

breast cancer, metastatic prostate cancer

Question 32

conditions in which testosterone administration is associated with moderate to high risk of adverse outcomes

Answer 32

PSA more than 4 ng/ml, erythrocytosis hct more than 50%, LUTS score more than 19, poorly controlled CHF, myocardial infarction, stroke, ACS, in preceding 6 months

Question 33

True or false. 58% causes of infertility is of female cause

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

causes of female infertility

Answer 34

ovulatory dysfunction, tubal defect, endometriosis

Question 35

causes of amenorrhea or ovulatory dysfunction

Answer 35

hypothalamic/pituitary causes, PCOS, premature ovarian failure, uterine or outflow tract disorders

Question 36

True or false. 46% of female cause of infertility is due to amenorrhea or ovulatory dysfunction

Answer 36

True.

Question 37

True or false. 51% of ovulatory dysfunction is due to hypothalamic/pituitary causes.

Answer 37

True.

Question 38

refers to inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse or after 6 months in women more than age 35

Answer 38

infertility