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Endocrine > 383 Sex Devt > Flashcards

383 Sex Devt Flashcards

1
Q

major determinants of sex development

A

chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, phenotypic sex

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2
Q

defined by karypotype

A

chromosomal sex

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3
Q

True or false. Fetuses with no X chromosome are not viable

A

True.

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4
Q

refers to the histologic and functional characteristics of gonadal tissue

A

gonadal sex

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5
Q

refers to the structures of the external and internal genitalia and secondary sex characteristics

A

phenotypic sex

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6
Q

potent androgen that promotes development of the external genitalia including penis and scrotum

A

dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

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7
Q

testosterone supports the development of what

A

mullerian structures

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8
Q

mullerian structures

A

anti mullerian hormone

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9
Q

secreted by the Leydig cells

A

testosterone

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10
Q

what develops into the prostate and prostatic urethra in male and the urethra and lower portion of vagina in females

A

urogenital sinus

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11
Q

needed for maturation of the uterus and breast at puberty

A

estrogen

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12
Q

what happens in the sexual development of females

A

wolfian ducts regress and mullerian ducts forms

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13
Q

what happens in the sexual development of males

A

wolfian ducts develop and mullerian ducts regress

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14
Q

True or false. Embryonic gonads is bipotential from 42 days after conception

A

True.

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15
Q

serves as pivotal switch to establish the testie lineage; destined to become Sertoli cells

A

SRY

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16
Q

secreted by the testis to prevent primordial germ cells to go into meiosis

A

CYP25B1

17
Q

47, XXY

A

Classic Klinefelter’s syndrome

18
Q

Phenotyphically male; small testes, infertility, gynecomastia, tall stature or increased leg length and hypogonadism

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

19
Q

45, X

A

Turner’s syndrome

20
Q

bilateral streak gonads, primary amenorrhea, short stature, may be phenotypically female

A

Turner’s syndrome

21
Q

typical prenatal ultrasound finding for turners syndrome

A

nuchal translucency

22
Q

formerly called hermaphroditism

A

ovotesticular DSD

23
Q

caused by insufficient AMH presenting with streak gonads, complete absence of androgenization

A

Swyer syndrome/ testicular dysgenesis

24
Q

most common cause of congenital adrenal hypoplasia

A

??

25
Q

male breast enlargement that is more than 4 cm in diameter and often tender

A

gynecomastia

26
Q

what causes gynecomastia

A

caused by excess estrogen action and usually due to increased estrogen to androgen ratio

27
Q

instances gynecomastia is physiologic

A

newborn, early puberty, aging

28
Q

cause of gynecomastia in aging

A

increase fat tissue and aromatase activity

29
Q

cause of gynecomastia in newborns

A

transplacental transfer of maternal and placental estrogen

30
Q

cause of gynecomastia in early puberty

A

high estrogen to androgen ratio

31
Q

condition in which testosterone administration is associated with risk of very high risk of serious adverse outcome

A

breast cancer, metastatic prostate cancer

32
Q

conditions in which testosterone administration is associated with moderate to high risk of adverse outcomes

A

PSA more than 4 ng/ml, erythrocytosis hct more than 50%, LUTS score more than 19, poorly controlled CHF, myocardial infarction, stroke, ACS, in preceding 6 months

33
Q

True or false. 58% causes of infertility is of female cause

A

True.

34
Q

causes of female infertility

A

ovulatory dysfunction, tubal defect, endometriosis

35
Q

causes of amenorrhea or ovulatory dysfunction

A

hypothalamic/pituitary causes, PCOS, premature ovarian failure, uterine or outflow tract disorders

36
Q

True or false. 46% of female cause of infertility is due to amenorrhea or ovulatory dysfunction

A

True.

37
Q

True or false. 51% of ovulatory dysfunction is due to hypothalamic/pituitary causes.

A

True.

38
Q

refers to inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse or after 6 months in women more than age 35

A

infertility

Endocrine (15 decks)

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