Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine > 372 Hypopituitarism > Flashcards

372 Hypopituitarism Flashcards

1
Q

Considered the master glans together with the hypothalamus

A

Anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

6 hormones by the anterior pituitary

A
  1. Prolactin PRL
  2. Growth hormone GH
  3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
  4. Luteinizing hormone LH
  5. Follicle stimulating hormone LH
  6. Thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Weight of the pituitary gland

A

600 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood supply of thre pituitary gland

A

Superior and Inferior hypophyseal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Major blood source of the anterior pituitary gland allowing reliable transmission of hypothalamic peptide pulses without significant systemic dilution

A

Hypothalamic portal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Direct ennervation of the pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or false. Neuronal damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary stalk can alter ADH and oxytocin production

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hormones PRL is weakly homologous to

A

GH

Human placental lactogen hPL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal levels of prolactin in males? In females?

A

PRL
Females: 10-25 ug/L
Males: 10-20 ug/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is the highest secretory peaks of PRL

A

During REM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Half life of PRL

A

50 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What time does PRL peak

A

4:00-6:00 AM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is PRL unique for other hormones

A

Central control mechanism is inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Weakly suppresses PRL

A

Glucocorticoids

Thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Induces PRL release

A

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Can transiently raise PRL levels

A 
Exercise
Meals
Sexual intercourse
Minor surgical procedures
General Anesthesia
Chest wall injury
Acute myocardial infarction
Acute stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Can sucking induce PRL release? For how long

A

Yes. Sucking activates neural afferent pathways in the hypothalamus and increases PRL levels that lasts for 30-45 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the effect of pregnancy on PRL levels

A

PRL levels increase 10x during pregnancy and deube within 2 weeks of parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most abundant anterior pituitary hormone and constitute 50 of anterior pituitary cell population

A

Growth hormone GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hormone that is secreted in spikes to elicit GH pulses and the other hormone that sets the basal GH secretory tone

A

GHRH: elicits GH spikes
SRIH: sets BASAL GH tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What induces GH and what suppresses GH

A

Estrogen: induces GH

Chronic glucocorticoids: suppresses GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is the highest peak of GH

A

Night

23
Q

Leads to transient increase in GH

A 
An hour of sleep
Exercise
Physical stress
Trauma
Sepsis
24
Q

Contain the largest number of GH receptors

A

Liver and cartilage

25
Q

Major source of circulating Insulin Growth like factor (IGF-1)

A

Liver

26
Q

Conditions where IGF-1 is low

A

Cachexia
Malnutrition
Sepsis

27
Q

Stimulator of ACTH synthesis and release

A

CRH

28
Q

When does ACTH peak and when does it go nadir?

A

Peaks: 6 AM
Nadir: midnight

29
Q

Regulates synthesis and release of LH and FSH

A

Hypothalamic GnRH

30
Q

True or false. Main function of the HPA axis is to maintain metabolic hemostasis and mediate neuroendocrine stress response

A

True

31
Q

What is the character of the GnRH secretion

A

Pulsatile every 60-120 minutes

32
Q

Slows GnRH pulse frequency but enhances gonadotropin response to GnRH

A

Progesterone

33
Q

Other hormone of the TGF beta faimy that suppresses FSH? Stimulates FSH?

A

Suppress FSH: inhibin

Stimulates FSH: activin

34
Q

Gene responsible for hypothalamic dysfunction and hypopituitarism

A

HESX1 gene

35
Q

Resulta from defective hypothalamic GnRH associated wiht olfactory bulb a genesis or anosmia

A

Kallmann syndrome

36
Q

Mutation seen in Kallmann syndrome

A

X-linked KAL gene mutation which impair embryonic migration of GnRH neurons hypothalamic olfactory placode to the hypothalamus

37
Q

GNRH deficiency. Genetically heterogenous disorder charcaterised by mental retardation, renal abnormalities, obesity, hexadactyly

A

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

38
Q

Prader willis syndrome is a contiguous gene syndrome results from deletion of what gene?

A

Deletion of the paternal copies of the SNRPN gene on chromosome 15q

39
Q

In cranial irradiation leading to hypothalamic damage, what is the most common deficiency? 2nd most common?

A

Most common: GH deficiency

2nd: ACTH deficiency

40
Q

Acute intra pituitary hemorrhage in postpartum

A

Sheehan syndrome

41
Q

Endocrine emergency that results in severe hypoglycemia, hypotension and shock, CNS hemorrhage and death; results from acute intra pituitary hemorrhage

A

Apoplexy

42
Q

Mean growth velocity. Peak growth rates in girls and boys?

A

Mean growth velocity: 6 cm per year
Peak growth girls: 12
Peak growth boys: 13

43
Q

In insulin tolerance test for GH, what is the normal response

A

GH more than 3 ug/L

44
Q

In TSH test for PRL, what is the normal response

A

PRL more than 2 ug/L and increase of more than 200% of baseline

45
Q

In insulin tolerance test for ACTH, what is the normal response

A

Cortisol increase more than 7 ug/dl or more than 20 ug/dl

46
Q

In CRH test for ACTH, what is the normal response

A

Basal ACTH increases to 2- to 4- fold and peaks at 20-100 pg/ml

47
Q

In metyrapone tests for ACTH, what is the normal response

A

Plasma cortisol less than 4 g/dl
11 Deoxycortisol more than 7.5
ACTH more than 75 pg/ml

48
Q

In standard ACTH stimulation with cosyntropin, what is the normal response

A

Cortisol more than 21 g/dl

49
Q

In TRH test for TSH, what is the normal response

A

TSH should increase by more than 5 mU/L unless thyroid hormones are increased

50
Q

When do you say a person is short stature

A

Height is more than 3 standard deviation below mean age

51
Q

When is GH replacement contraindicated

A

Active neoplasm
Intracranial hypertension
Uncontrolled DM and retinopathy

52
Q

Total daily dose of glucocorticoid replacement

A

Hydrocortisone: Not to exceed 25 mg/daily
Prednisone: 5 mg daily

53
Q

Most common presenting feature of hypopituitarism

A

Hypogonadism

54
Q

Causes of primary hypothyroidism

A 
Autoimmune hypothyroidism
Iatrogenic
Drugs
Congenital hypothyroidism
Infiltrative disorders
Goitrogens

Endocrine (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions