3.6 Wave-particle duality Flashcards

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1
Q

What does it mean if a particle has a dual nature?

A

» It can behave as a wave or as a particle according to circumstances

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2
Q

When is the wave-like nature of light observed?

A

» Diffraction of light takes place

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3
Q

What experiment can show the wave like nature of light?

A

» When light passes through a narrow slit
» The light emerging from the split spreads out in the same way as water waves spread out after passing through a gap

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4
Q

What 2 factor affect diffraction?

A

» Narrower the gap - increases diffraction
» Longer the wavelength - increases diffraction

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5
Q

When is the particle-like nature observed of light?

A

» In the photoelectric effect
» As the electron absorbs a single photon of frequency f

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6
Q

What is the evidence that electrons have particle-like nature?

A

» When electrons in a beam can be deflected by a magnetic field

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7
Q

Who proposes that matter particles can also have wave like nature?

A

» Louis de Broglie

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8
Q

What were the 2 main factors of Broglie’s hypothesis?

A

» Matter particles have a dual wave particle nature
» Wave like behavior’s is characterized by a wavelength, it’s de Broglie wavelength
» Which is equal to h/p

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9
Q

What is the equation for de Broglie wavelength?

A

» Wavelength = h/mv

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10
Q

How can the de Broglie wavelength of a particle be altered?

A

» By changing of the velocity of the particle

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11
Q

What does it mean by the duality of electrons?

A

» Electron can behave as a particle and a wave

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12
Q

Give one example of each type of behaviour of electrons

A

» Electron behaving as a wave - interference
» Electron behaving as a particle - Deflected by a magnetic field

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13
Q

What is Broglie’s theory?

A

» All particles have aspects of both a particle and a wave, they all exhibit quantum behaviour

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14
Q

What are 2 evidences which show light is a wave?

A

» Interference
» Diffraction

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15
Q

Why is it esaier to demonstrate the wave properties of electrons than to demonstrate the wave properties of protons?

A

» Electrons have smaller mass, using de broglie’s equation, a small mass means a higher wavelength, which is more observable when compared to a proton

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16
Q

Why do electrons lose energy in excitation?

A

»Collision causes a transfer of kinetic energy, which causes excitation