36) Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Definition of “Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome”?
A
- Clinical Syndrome, due to excess androgen + production of immature ovarian follicles
- Presented with oligoovulation (irregular ovulation), *anovulation (absence of ovulation) and presence of polycystic ovaries
- Affecting women in reproductive years
2
Q
What is the Pathophysiology of PCOS?
A
1) Strong association with Obesity leading to –> increased estrogen production from adipose tissue
2) Causes reduced insulin sensitivity –> hyperinsulinemia
3) Hyperinsulinemia Causes
- Increased androgen production in ovarian theca cells
- Elevated LH levels, disrupting the LH/FSH balance, which impairs follicle maturation
- leading to cyst formation and anovulation / oligoovulation
3
Q
What are the Clinical Features of PCOS?
A
- Amenorrhoea
- Menorrhagia
- Infertility
- Hirsutism
- Acne
- Hypertension, Diabetes
4
Q
How’s PCOS Diagnosed?
A
ROTTERDAM CRITERIA At least 2
- Oligoovulation / Anovulation
- Hyperandrogenism
- Enlarged Polycystic Ovary on Ultrasound
HIGH LEVELS of Testosterone + LH
5
Q
What is the Treatment for PCOS?
A
- Combine Oral Contraception
- Metformin
NB! Patients TRYING TO CONCEIVE - Give Letrozole
