3.6 Evolution of species Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of mutation?

A

A mutation is a random change in the structure of genetic material

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2
Q

How can mutations be increased?

A

Can be increased by mutagenic agents such as :
Radiation e.g x-rays, uv light
Chemicals e.g nicotine, colchicine

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3
Q

Name the 3 results of mutation

A

Harmful - genes that will decrease population
Beneficial - genes that may improve population
Neutral - no advantage or disadvantage

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4
Q

Describe variation

A

Makes it possible for a population to evolve over time in response to changing environmental conditions

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5
Q

Describe natural selection/ survival of the fittest

A

The best adapted organisms within a population, with characteristics best suited to the environment survive, reproduce and pass on genes to offspring.

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6
Q

What is speciatiation ?

A

The formation of new species after part of the population becomes isolated by an isolation barrier

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of isolation barrier?

A

Geographical - rivers and mountains
Ecological - different habitats, soil pH
Behavioural - differences in courtship behaviour, physical differences.

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8
Q

Speciation summary

A

I Must Not Smoke

I solation barrier
M utations
N atural selection
S peciation

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9
Q

Stage 1 of speciation

A

a large inter-breeding population with a common gene pod

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10
Q

Stage 2 of speciation

A

An isolation barrier appears preventing the flow of genes

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11
Q

Stage 3 of speciation

A

Different mutations appear in each subpopulation

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12
Q

stage 4 of speciation

A

Different selective pressures favour some mutations which become more common in the sub population

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13
Q

Stage 5 of speciation

A

Over many generations barrier is removed, left with two different species who can no longer inter-breed

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