1.4 Proteins

Question 1

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 1

Amino acids

Question 2

What is the function of amino acids?

Answer 2

Different sequences of amino acids bid together to form different protein molecules

Question 3

What is the function of the structural protein?

Answer 3

Forms supporting framework inside of cells and forms body structures

Question 4

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 4

Speed up chemical reactions whilst remaining unchanged

Question 5

What is the function of hormones?

Answer 5

To act as chemical messengers in the body

Question 6

What is the function of antibodies?

Answer 6

Play an important role in immune systems. Antibodies destroy micro-organisms which cause infection.

Question 7

What is the function of receptors?

Answer 7

Target tissues have cells with complementary receptor proteins which specific hormones to bind to.

Question 8

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 8

Protein molecules made by all living cells

Question 9

What is the function of Enzymes?

Answer 9

Biological catalyst which speeds up cellular reactions while remaining unchanged.

Question 10

What is an Enzyme active site?

Answer 10

A special site on an enzymes surface to enable them to speed up chemical reactions.

Question 11

Describe an enzyme active site

Answer 11

The shape of the active site is complementary to its specific substrates.

Question 12

What is a substrate?

Answer 12

The molecule(s) on which the enzyme binds to and reacts with during an enzyme controlled reaction.

Question 13

Key stages of enzyme action..

Answer 13

• The substrate binds (temporally) to the active site of the enzyme forming an enzyme-substrate complex to allow the reaction to take place.
• At the end of an enzyme controlled reaction product(s) are formed and released from active site

Question 14

Name the types of enzyme controlled reactions

Answer 14

Degradation

Synthesis

Question 15

Describe degradation

Answer 15

Large complex molecules are broken down into smaller simpler ones by enzyme action e.g all the reactions are involved in digestion.

Question 16

Describe synthesis

Answer 16

Small, simple molecules are built up into large, more complex ones by enzyme action, e.g glucose builds up into starch for storage plants.

Question 17

Name enzyme controlled reactions

Answer 17

hydrogen peroxide ————– water & oxygen
catalase
starch ————– maltose
amylase

Question 18

Name the affecting factors of enzymes

Answer 18

Temperature

pH

Question 19

Describe optimum conditions

Answer 19

Each enzyme is most active in its optimum condition, outwith its optimum conditions enzymes can become denatured meaning their active site would change shape permanently, affecting the rate of reactions.