36 Flashcards
One health
- interaction of people animals and the environment
What influences the spread of disease?
Please stay baddie harry eats eggs
Properties of the agent
Sources of infection
Biological reservoirs
Host factors
Exposure variation
Environments
Epidemiological triangle
What
Who
Where
When
Why/how
Defenition of infection
- entry of micro bacterial agent into a higher-older host and its multiplication within the host
Infestation
External surfaces only
Infectivity
Ability of an organism to invade and multiply in a host (secondary attack rate)
Pathogenicity
Ability of an organism to produce clinical symptoms and illness (proportion of those exposed who get ill)
Virulence
Ability of an organism to produce serious disease (case-fatality rate)
3 ways of transmission
Direct: touching or inhaling infectious secretions
Indirect: always involves a vehicle - inanimate - live = vector
Airborne: droplet, small particles eg TB
The infectious process
Outbreak / epidemic
Unexpected increase in the in incidence of a disease
- could be localised increase in incidence or could arise in an area that had no cases for a long time
- two or more cases identified from a common source
- cases in excess of the expected number in a given time or place
What does endemic mean
Constant presence of a disease or infections agent within a geographical area or population group
Holoendemic
Intense disease all year round - children mainly effected, most adults immune
Hyperendemic
Intense disease with time periods of no transmission e.g during the dry season - persistent disease within all ages effected
Pandemic
Disease affects a large number of people and crosses many international boundaries
Difference between endemic epidemic and pancemic
Outbreak investigation steps
