36 Flashcards

1
Q

One health

A
  • interaction of people animals and the environment
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2
Q

What influences the spread of disease?

A

Please stay baddie harry eats eggs

Properties of the agent
Sources of infection
Biological reservoirs
Host factors
Exposure variation
Environments

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3
Q

Epidemiological triangle

A

What
Who
Where
When
Why/how

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4
Q

Defenition of infection

A
  • entry of micro bacterial agent into a higher-older host and its multiplication within the host
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5
Q

Infestation

A

External surfaces only

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6
Q

Infectivity

A

Ability of an organism to invade and multiply in a host (secondary attack rate)

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7
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability of an organism to produce clinical symptoms and illness (proportion of those exposed who get ill)

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8
Q

Virulence

A

Ability of an organism to produce serious disease (case-fatality rate)

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9
Q

3 ways of transmission

A

Direct: touching or inhaling infectious secretions
Indirect: always involves a vehicle - inanimate - live = vector
Airborne: droplet, small particles eg TB

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10
Q

The infectious process

A
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11
Q

Outbreak / epidemic

A

Unexpected increase in the in incidence of a disease
- could be localised increase in incidence or could arise in an area that had no cases for a long time

  • two or more cases identified from a common source
  • cases in excess of the expected number in a given time or place
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12
Q

What does endemic mean

A

Constant presence of a disease or infections agent within a geographical area or population group

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13
Q

Holoendemic

A

Intense disease all year round - children mainly effected, most adults immune

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14
Q

Hyperendemic

A

Intense disease with time periods of no transmission e.g during the dry season - persistent disease within all ages effected

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15
Q

Pandemic

A

Disease affects a large number of people and crosses many international boundaries

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16
Q

Difference between endemic epidemic and pancemic

A
17
Q

Clusters

A

Aggression of relatively uncommon events or diseases in a space and/or in time that are thought to be greater then could be expected by chance
- usually rare non-infection diseases
- may have a suspected environmental cause

18
Q

Index case

A

First one recognised by health authorities

19
Q

Transmition or spread from the initial case is called the

A

Secondary attack rate
- depends on host, pathcicity and infectivity of the agent.

20
Q

Anyone can recognise an outbreak

A
21
Q
A
22
Q

Outbreak investigation steps

A
23
Q

Types of outbreaks

A

Common source
- point source e.g common event
- continuous common source
- intermittent source

Propagated source (person to person)
- household/instituational

Mixed:
- point source then propergated person to person

24
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27
Q
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28
Q

Plan for pandemics

A

Plan for it
Keep it out
Stamp it out
Manage it
Recover from it

29
Q
A