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biology A2 > 3.5 Population size and ecosystems 1 > Flashcards

3.5 Population size and ecosystems 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A balanced biological system made up of biotic and abiotic elements

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2
Q

What is a habitat?

A

A particular area occupied by a population

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3
Q

What is a community?

A

The different populations of species that live in a habitat

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4
Q

What is a niche?

A

An organism’s role in the ecosystem

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5
Q

What is ecology?

A

A branch of Biology that studies the relationship between living organisms and their environment

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6
Q

What is an environment?

A

The complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecological community and ultimately determines its form and survival

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7
Q

What is a population?

A

The number of organisms of the same species in a certain place, at a certain time, which can reproduce

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8
Q

Which factors increase a population?

A

Immigration and birth rate/ rate of cellular division

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9
Q

Which factors decrease a population?

A

Emigration and death rate/ rate of cellular death

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10
Q

What is the equation for a stable population?

A

Immigration + birth rate = Emigration + death rate

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11
Q

What is the equation for a growing population?

A

Immigration + birth rate> Emigration + death rate

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12
Q

What is the equation for a decreasing population?

A

Immigration + birth rate < Emigration + death rate

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13
Q

What are the two strategies for population growth?

A
  • Fugitive species (r)
    -Equilibrium species (k)
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14
Q

Describe a fugitive species (r)

A

-Rapid reproduction rate and dispersal
-Can invade new habitats rapidly
-Can’t tolerate competition
-i.e. sea palm and dandelion

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15
Q

Describe an equilibrium species (k)

A

-Balance population numbers with competition in a stable habitat
-Growth pattern is sigmoidal (one-step growth)
-i.e. elephant and fox

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16
Q

Describe the log phase of a population growth curve

A

-Numbers increase rapidly
-More individuals are available for reproduction
-Lack of environmental resistance
- Cell division>Cell death

17
Q

Describe the lag phase of a population growth curve

A

-Little or no cell growth
-Organisms adapt and prepare for growth
- Enzyme/ protein synthesis

18
Q

Describe the stationary phase of a population growth curve

A

-Birth rate=death rate
-Some limiting factors
-Population reaches maximum (carrying capacity)

19
Q

Describe the death phase of a population growth curve

A

-Death rate>Birth rate
-Could be environmental resistance/food source/ toxin build-up (ethanol)

20
Q

What is the carrying capacity?

A

The maximum number of individuals of a species that the habitat can support indefinitely (without threatening other species in the habitat)

21
Q

What is a population crash?

A

A sudden drop in population due to population significantly exceeding carrying capacity. Following carrying capacity is lower due to habitat damage

22
Q

What are environmental factors that may limit population growth?

A

-Predators
-Disease
-Shortage of requirements for survival (food, water, shelter, light)

23
Q

What is the competitive exclusion principle?

A

When two species occupy the same niche, there will be competition and one species will outcompete the other

24
Q

Why is intraspecific competition more significant?

A

Members of the same species have the same niche and compete for the exact same resources. It tends to be stabilising influence of population size

25
Q

What are examples of abiotic factors?

A

-Light
-Humidity
-Topography
-Pollution

26
Q

What is a density-dependent factor?

A

The effect of these factors increase with population size

27
Q

What is a density-independent factor?

A

The effect of these factors are independent of population size

28
Q

What does PANDA stand for?

A

Predators
Availability of resources
Nutrient supply
Disease
Accumulation of wastes

29
Q

What does PAW stand for?

A

Phenomena
Abiotic factors
Weather conditions

biology A2 (4 decks)

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