Variation

Question 1

What influences a phenotype?

Answer 1

Genotype and environment

Question 2

What are the features of discontinuous variation?

Answer 2

-Distinct categories
-No overlap between categories
-Monogenic
-unaffected by environment

Question 3

What are the features of continuous variation?

Answer 3

-No distinct categories
-Overlap between categories
-Polygenic
-Affected by environment

Question 4

What is genetic drift?

Answer 4

A change in the frequency of an allele due to chance variations. The gradual random shift in gene frequencies of a small population results in different genotype rations and speciation

Question 5

What is the bottleneck effect?

Answer 5

Sharp reduction in population due to environmental changes

Question 6

What is the founder effect?

Answer 6

Loss of genetic variation in a new population established by a small number of individuals from a larger population

Question 7

What are the Hardy-Weinberg conditions?

Answer 7

-Large population
-Random mating
-No gene flow
-No mutation
-No natural selection

Question 8

What are the factors that limit population growth?

Answer 8

-Breeding sites
-Availability of light, water, and food
-Pathogens
-Predation
-Competition

Question 9

What are the assumptions of Darwin’s evolution?

Answer 9

-There is a struggle for survival and the fittest phenotypes win
-Survivors will reproduce, passing beneficial alleles on