3.5 Lipids Flashcards
Lipids are non-polar molecules why?
Because the electrons in the outer orbitals that form the bonds are more evenly distributed than in polar molecules
Lipids are large complex molecules known as what?
Macromolecules
What is a triglyceride composed of?
One glycerol molecule with three fatty acids
Glycerol is a member of a group of molecule called alcohol fatty acids belong to a group of molecules called what
Carboxyl group as they contain a COOH
In the reaction esterfication, what kind of bonds are formed?
Ester bonds
Esterfication is a type of condensation reaction.State this in a triglyceride
The H from the glycerol and the OH from the fatty acid form H2O
Fatty acids with double bonds Are unsaturated why
Because the carbon atoms are able to form more bonds
What is the term used if there is just one double bond
Monounsaturated
What is the term used for more than one double bond and it’s unsaturated
Polyunsaturated
What do the double bonds in triglycerides do?
They make a bend in the molecule therefore the molecule cannot pack so closely together. This makes them liquid our room temperature
What is a phospholipid?
A modified triglyceride that contains the element phosphorus along with carbon hydrogen oxygen
In every cell, where can you find an organic phosphate irons?
In the cytoplasm
The phosphate irons have a extra electrons so are negatively charged therefore making them what in water
Soluble
What does a phospholipid consist of
A hydrophilic phosphate head
Two fatty acids nonpolar and hydrophobic
Cholesterol is an example of what?
Sterol
What does cholesterol do?
Formation of cell membranes adds stability to the cell
What does cholesterol do ti fluidity
Prevents them from becoming too liquids at high temperatures
Roles of lipids
Hormone production
Membrane formation and creation of hydrophobic barriers
Electrical insulation
Waterproofing
Triglycerides under the skin provide what?
Thermal insulation to reduce heat loss
Cushioning to protect organs
Emulsion test tests for what?what is a positive result?
Lipids, white emulsion (cloudy)
How is an emulsion test carried out?
Sample mixed with ethanol, then add water and shake
