3.5 Genetic Modification and Biotechnology

Question 1

Why can DNA profiling be used to determine paternity?

Answer 1

Half the genes of children are the same as their father’s.

Question 2

A small amount of a suspect’s DNA is obtained from a crime scene. What techniques would be used to carry out DNA profiling?

Answer 2

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis

Question 3

What type of enzyme could be used to cut a DNA molecule as indicated by the dotted line on the diagram below?

Answer 3

Restriction Enzyme

Question 4

Which process is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Answer 4

Replication

Question 5

describe the process of cloning an animal, specifically a sheep

Answer 5

Differentiated cell removed from sheep a. nucleus is then removed from unfertilized egg in sheep b as it contains the DNA that is not being used. This leaves an empty egg of sheep b. the differentiated cell of sheep a and the egg of sheep b begin to form as an embryo. Embyro is then placed into sheep B to produce offspring with DNA from sheep A.

Question 6

State the name of the technique that is used to separate fragments of DNA according to their size, during DNA profiling.

Answer 6

gel electrophoresis

Question 7

State two general types of enzymes used in gene transfer.

Answer 7

ligase and restriction enzyme

Question 8

what is the purpose of electrophoresis?

Answer 8

It is used to separate proteins or fragments of DNA according to size.

Question 9

What is the function of PCR in relation to DNA?

Answer 9

PCR amplifies DNA

Question 10

By what process is genetic modification carried out in species?

Answer 10

Gene transfer

Question 11

How is gene transfer possible

Answer 11

because of the universal genetic code, meaning a codon containing amino acids from one organism will produce the exact same amino acids when transferred to another organism