3.1 Genes

Question 1

3.1 What is the essential idea of genes?

Answer 1

Every living organism inherits a blueprint for life from its parents.

Question 2

3.1.U1 What is a gene?

Answer 2

Heritable factor that consists of a length of DNA and influences a specific characteristic

Question 3

3.1.U2 Where is a gene?

Answer 3

A gene occupies a specific position on a chromosome, called the locus.

Question 4

3.1.U3 What are the forms of a gene called?

Answer 4

Alleles

Question 5

3.1.U3 What are alleles?

Answer 5

The various specific forms of a gene

Question 6

3.1.U4 How do alleles differ from echother?

Answer 6

One or only a few bases differs.

Question 7

3.1.U5 How are new alleles formed?

Answer 7

Mutation

Question 8

3.1.U5 What is mutation?

Answer 8

when a base differs in a gene and forms a new allele.

Question 9

3.1.U6 What is a genome?

Answer 9

The whole genetic information of an organism.

Question 10

3.1.U7 What is the Human Genome Project?

Answer 10

The enitre base sequence of human genes was sequenced.

Question 11

3.1.U1 What does a gene consist of?

Answer 11

A length of DNA occupying a particular position on a chromosome (locus)

Question 12

3.1.U1 What is a chromosome made of?

Answer 12

DNA and protein

Question 13

3.1.U1 Chromosome Definition

Answer 13

Structural units made up of DNA and proteins.

Question 14

3.1.U1 How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 14

46 (two pairs of 23)

Question 15

3.1.A1 What is the mutation in sickle cell disease?

Answer 15

On the 11th Chromosome, the bases CCT GAG GAG change to CCT GTG GAG. This means that the amino acids change from glutamic acid to valine.

Question 16

3.1.A1 What does sickle cell disease mean?

Answer 16

The cells become misshapen, and oxygen can’t attatch properly to the cells.

Question 17

3.1.U5 What is base-substitution mutation?

Answer 17

One base is substituted for another

Question 18

3.1.U5 What are the types of base-substitution mutations?

Answer 18

Silent mutation, missense mutation and nonesnse mutation

Question 19

3.1.U5 Define silent mutation

Answer 19

The change in base sequence has no effect on the amino acid produced

Question 20

3.1.U5 Define missense mutation

Answer 20

The change in base sequence has caused one different amino acid to be produced

Question 21

3.1.U5 Define nonsense mutation

Answer 21

The change in base sequence has caused a STOP codon to be produced, so the polypeptide produced is shortened.

Question 22

3.1.U5 Give an example of a missense mutation

Answer 22

Sickle Cell Disease

Question 23

3.1.U5 Give an example of a nonsense mutation

Answer 23

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 24

3.1.U5 What kind of mutation is sickle cell disease?

Answer 24

A missense base-substitution mutation