3.4.5 Species And Taxonomy

Question 1

What common ability to members of a species share?

Answer 1

Ability to breed and produce living, fertile offspring

Question 2

What is the current system used for naming a species?

Answer 2

Binomial system

two names

Question 3

What does each component of the binomial system represent?

Answer 3

1st- generic name, shows the genus to which the organism belongs
2nd- specific name, shows the species to which the organism belongs

Question 4

What are the rules of the binomial system?

Answer 4

Written in italics (or underlined if handwritten)
First letter of the generic name is upper case and the specific name is lower case
If the specific name is not known it can be written as “sp”

Question 5

How do members of the same species identify each other?

Answer 5

Look the same

Behave the same

Question 6

How does courtship behaviour help individuals to breed to produce fertile offspring?

Answer 6

Helps them:
Recognise members of own species
Identify a mate capable of breeding
For a pair bond
Synchronise mating
Become able to breed

Question 7

What is classification?

Answer 7

The grouping of organisms

Question 8

What is taxonomy!

Answer 8

The theory and practice of biological taxonomy

Question 9

What is artificial classification?

Answer 9

Where organisms are divided according to differences that are useful at the time
They are analogous characteristics where they have the same function but different evolutionary origins
(eg birds and butterflies have wings for flight but they originated in different ways)

Question 10

What is phylogenetic classification?

Answer 10

Based on evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors
Classifies species into forums using shares features derived from their ancestors
Arranges the group into a hierarchy where the groups are contained within larger composite groups that don’t overlap

Question 11

Whatnis a taxon?

Answer 11

A group within a phylogenetic biological classification

Question 12

Which is the highest taxonomic rank?

Answer 12

Domain

Question 13

What are the three domains?

Answer 13

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 14

What are bacteria?

Answer 14

Single-called prokaryotes
No membrane bound organelles
70s ribosomes 
Murein cell walls
Single loop of DNA made up of nucleus acids with no histones

Question 15

What are archaea?

Answer 15

Single-called prokaryotes that are not bacteria
No murein in cell walls
More complex form of RNA polymerase than bacteria

Question 16

Wha are eukarya?

Answer 16

Organisms made or one or more eukaryotic cell
Have membrane bound organelles
No murein in cell wall (not all have cell wall)
80s ribosomes

Question 17

What do archaea and eukarya have in common?

Answer 17

Have membranes containing fatty acid chains attached to glycerol by ester linkages

Question 18

What is the Eukarya domain divided into?

Answer 18

4 kingdoms
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 19

What are phyla?

Answer 19

The largest group within a kingdom

Question 20

What order to the classifications occur in after domain?

Answer 20

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 21

What is phylogeny?

Answer 21

The evolutionary relationship between organism

Question 22

Where are the oldest species found in a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 22

At the base

recent ones at the end of the branches

Question 23

How can closeness of relationship be shown on a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 23

Closer branches show closer evolutionary relationship