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A Level Physics for AQA. > 3.4.1.3 Motion Along A Straight Line > Flashcards

3.4.1.3 Motion Along A Straight Line Flashcards

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1
Q

What is speed?

A

Speed is defined as the change of distance per unit time.
It is the rate of change of distance covered.
Speed is independent of direction, as it is a scalar quantity.

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2
Q

What is average speed? What is the equation?

A

The total change in distance over the total time.

Equation:

Average Speed = Total Distance Covered / Total Time Taken

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3
Q

What is instantaneous speed? What is the equation?

A

The objects speed at a particular moment in time.

Equation:

Instantaneous Speed = Change in Distance / Change in Time.

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4
Q

What is constant speed?

A

Constant speed is when an objects instantaneous speed is always constant. Average speed = instantaneous speed.

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5
Q

What is velocity?

A

Velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement.
Velocity is speed in a given direction.
Velocity is a vector quantity, therefore is dependant on direction.

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6
Q

How could an objects velocity change?

A

The object speeds up
The object slows down
The object changes direction.

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7
Q

What is Average Velocity? Give an equation?

A

Total change in displacement divided by the total time taken.

Average Velocity = Total Displacement / Total Time Taken

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8
Q

What is instantaneous velocity? Given an equation?

A

The velocity at a particular moment in time.

Instantaneous velocity = change in displacement / change in time.

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9
Q

What is distance?

A

Distance is how far an object travels, regardless of the direction it travels in.
It is a scalar quantity.

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10
Q

What is displacement?

A

Displacement is how far an object travelled from its starting point in a given direction. It is a net change of position, or a net distance moved.
It is a vector quantity.

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11
Q

What equation can be used to calculate displacement?

A

Displacement = Average Velocity x Time.

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12
Q

What is acceleration?

A

Acceleration is defined as the change of velocity per unit time.

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13
Q

What is deceleration?

A

Deceleration is negative values. This signifies that velocity decreases with respect to time.

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14
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

Acceleration = v - u / t

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15
Q

What are the SUVAT quantities, and their units?

A

S - Displacement (metres, m)
U - Initial Velocity (metres per second, m/s)
V - Final Velocity (metres per second, m/s)
A - Acceleration (metres per second, per second, m/s^2)
T - Time (seconds, s)

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16
Q

What is the first SUVAT equation? Without Displacement.

A

v = u + at

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17
Q

What is the second SUVAT equation? Without acceleration?

A

S = (U + V) / 2 X t

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18
Q

What is the third SUVAT equation? without final velocity/

A

s = ut + 1/2at^2

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19
Q

What is the fourth SUVAT equation? Without time?

A

v^2 = u^2 + 2as

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20
Q

What is the fifth SUVAT equation? Without initial velocity?

A

s = vt - 1/2at^2

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21
Q

What could give an increase in acceleration?

A

Acceleration could mean a change in speed or direction, or both.

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22
Q

What does the gradient of a distance time graph?

A

Speed.

23
Q

Describe the distance time graph for an object with constant speed.

A

Straight line with a constant gradient.

24
Q

Describe the distance time graph of an object moving with changing speed.

A

The gradient of the line will constantly change.

25
Q

What does the gradient of a displacement time graph show?

A

Velocity.

26
Q

What does the displacement time graph for an accelerating object show?

A

A curve, and constantly changing gradient.

27
Q

What does the displacement time graph for an object undergoing constant acceleration?

A

Straight line, constant gradient.

The rate of change of the gradient (velocity) is constant.

28
Q

What does the s/t curve for an accelerating or decelerating object look like?

A

If an object is accelerating, the curve has an increasing gradient.
If an object is decelerating, the curve has a decreasing gradient.

29
Q

What does the gradient of a velocity time graph represent?

A

Acceleration.

30
Q

How is uniform acceleration acceleration represented? (velocity time)

A

It is always a straight line. The steeper the gradient, the greater the acceleration.

31
Q

How is a constant velocity (no acceleration) shown? (velocity time)

A

Flat line. No gradient.

32
Q

What does the area under a velocity time graph represent?

A

Displacement.

33
Q

How is non-uniform acceleration represented on a velocity time graph represented?

A

A changing gradient (a curve)

34
Q

How is an increasing acceleration represented? (velocity time graph)

A

An increasing gradient.

35
Q

How is a decreasing acceleration represented? (velocity time graph)

A

A decreasing gradient.

36
Q

What does the gradient of an acceleration-time graph show?

A

It shows the nature of the acceleration.

37
Q

What does the graph of an accelerating object show? (acceleration time)

A

A constant gradient above the x axis.

38
Q

What does the graph of a decelerating object show? (acceleration-time graph)

A

Constant gradient below the x-axis.

39
Q

What does the graph of an object with constant acceleration/deceleration show? (acceleration time).

A

Flat horizontal line, above or below the x-axis

40
Q

What does the acceleration/time graph of an object with constant velocity show?

A

Flat line which lies on the x-axis.

41
Q

What does a negative gradient above the time axis represent on an acceleration time graph?

A

It means that the rate of acceleration is decreasing.

42
Q

What does a positive gradient above the x-axis on an acceleration time graph represent?

A

It shows the rate of acceleration is increasing.

43
Q

What does a negative gradient below the time axis represent on an acceleration time graph?

A

Shows the rate of deceleration is decreasing.

44
Q

What does a positive gradient below the time axis represent on an acceleration time graph?

A

It shows the rate of deceleration is increasing.

45
Q

What is freefall?

A

Freefall is when there is gravity acting on an object, and nothing else.

It is defined as the motion of an object undergoing an acceleration of 9.81 m/s^2.

46
Q

What direction does gravity act in?

A

Gravity acts downwards.

47
Q

Which is the only force acting on an object in freefall?

A

Its weight

48
Q

What is the equation for an objects weight?

A 
Weight = Mass x Gravitational Field strength. 
W = m x g
49
Q

How can an object with an initial velocity still undergo freefall?

A

Objects can have an initial velocity in any direction and still undergo freefall, as long as the force providing the initial velocity is no longer acting.

50
Q

What is the direction and notation for g?

A

Upwards, g is positive

Downwards, g is negative.

51
Q

What are the suvat equations when an object undergoing freefall have no initial velocity.

A

All values and multiples of U are removed.

a is taken as negative g, so - 9.81.

52
Q

What are the suvat equation when an object has an initial velocity upwards?

A

The object is projected upwards, so the suvat equations are normal, with a negative value of g replaced with a.

53
Q

What are the suvat equation when an object has an initial velocity downwards?

A

The object is projected downwards, so the suvat equations are normal, with a negative value of g replaced with a.

A Level Physics for AQA. (25 decks)

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