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A Level Physics for AQA. > 3.2.1.5 Classification of Particles > Flashcards

3.2.1.5 Classification of Particles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hadron?

A

A hadron is a particle that feels the strong nuclear force, or interacts through the strong interaction.

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2
Q

Are hadrons fundamental?

A

Hadrons are not fundamental as they are made of quarks.

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3
Q

What are the two types of hadrons?

A

The two types of hadrons are baryons and mesons.

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4
Q

What are baryons?

A

Baryons are hadrons which are made up of three quarks.

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5
Q

What are the two baryons?

A

The two baryons are the proton and the neutron.

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6
Q

Which baryon is stable? What do all baryons eventually decay into?

A

The proton is the most stable baryon. All baryons except the proton are unstable.
All baryons except protons eventually decay into protons.

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7
Q

What is an antibaryons?

A

An antibaryon is the opposite of a baryon. For example antiprotons and antineutrons.

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8
Q

Why are antibaryons not found in ordinary matter?

A

Antibaryons are not found in ordinary matter because they are annihilated when they meet the corresponding particle.

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9
Q

What is the baryon number?

A

The baryon number is a quantum number that tells us the number of baryons.

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10
Q

What is the baryon number of some common particles?

A

The baryon number of all baryons is + 1.
The baryon number of all antibaryons is - 1.
The baryon number of all other particles is 0.

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11
Q

What are mesons?

A

Mesons are another type of hadron which are composed of a quark and an antiquark.

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12
Q

Are all mesons stable?

A

All mesons are unstable and have a baryon number of 0.

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13
Q

What are the two types of mesons?

A

The two types of mesons are kaons (symbol K) and pions (symbol pi).

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14
Q

What are the three types of kaon?

A

The three types of kaon are:
Kaon +
Kaon 0
Kaon -

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15
Q

What are the three types of pions?

A

Pion +
Pion 0
Pion -

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16
Q

What is the difference between kaons and pions?

A

Pions are lighter than mesons, whereas kaons are heaver and more unstable.
Kaons have a very short lifetime.
Kaons decay into pions.

17
Q

How do mesons and baryons interact?

A

Mesons and baryons interact via the strong force.

18
Q

What are leptons? Are they fundamental?

A

Leptons are particles which do not experience the nuclear strong force.
Leptons are fundamental particles.

19
Q

How do leptons interact?

A

They only interact via the weak interaction.

20
Q

What the two types of lepton?

A

The two types of leptons are muons and electrons.

21
Q

What are the anti-leptons?

A

Anti-leptons are the antiparticle equivalent of leptons.

22
Q

Are electrons stable, and are muons stable?

A

Electrons are stable and muons are heavy electrons which are unstable.

23
Q

What do muons decay into?

A

Muons eventually decay into electrons.

24
Q

What are the two types of lepton neutrino?

A

The electron Neutrino Ve

The muon Neutrino Vµ.

25
Q

What do neutrinos have?

A

Neutrinos have zero mass, and zero electric charge.

26
Q

What is the lepton number?

A

Lepton number is a quantum number which shows how many leptons a particle has.

27
Q

What is the lepton number of a lepton and an anti-lepton?

A

Lepton number of a lepton = + 1

Lepton number of an anti-lepton = - 1

28
Q

What are the two types of lepton numbers?

A

The two types of lepton number are muon lepton number and electron lepton number, which must be counted seperately.

29
Q

What is the charge of a muon?

A

The charge of a muon is -1.

30
Q

What are the charges of electron and muon neutrinos?

A

The charges on both are 0.

31
Q

What is the Le number of each lepton.

A 
Electron = + 1
Position = - 1
Electron Neutrino = + 1
Anti Electron Neutrino = - 1
All the rest have 0
32
Q

What is the Lµ number of each of the leptons.

A 
Muon = + 1
Antimuon = - 1
Muon Neutrino = + 1
Anti Muon Neutrino = -1
All the rest have 0
33
Q

What is strangeness?

A

Strangeness is a quantum number.

34
Q

Which particles are strange?

A

Only kaons are strange particles.

35
Q

How are strange particles created and decayed?

A

Strange particles are created via the strong interaction, and decay via the weak interaction.
Strange particles are always produced in pairs.

36
Q

What is the rule for conservation of strangeness?

A

Strangeness is conserved in the strong interaction, but not in the weak interaction. They can change by +/- 1 in the weak interaction.

37
Q

What is the strangeness of the kaons?

A

K+ = +1
K0 = +1
K- = -1
Anti K0 = -1

38
Q

Pions are the exchange particle for what?

A

Pions are the exchange particle for the strong nuclear force.

39
Q

What is the definition of the strange particles?

A

Strange particles are particles that are produced through the strong interaction and decay through the weak interaction (eg kaons).

A Level Physics for AQA. (25 decks)

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