3.4 Progesterone

Question 1

What is progesterone?

Answer 1

The natural progestational hormone

Question 2

Progesterone is secreted by ___

Answer 2

The corpus luteum or placenta

Question 3

When does the corpus luteum secrete progesterone?

Answer 3

Luteal phase of menstruation, first 10 weeks of pregnancy

Question 4

When does the placenta secrete progesterone?

Answer 4

Takes over after the 10th week

Question 5

How does progesterone promote pregnancy?

Answer 5

1. Uterine growth
2. Suppress myometrial contraction

Question 6

How does progesterone affect immunity?

Answer 6

Immunosuppression

Question 7

How does progesterone affect the mammary gland?

Answer 7

Growth during puberty, adulthood, and pregancy

Question 8

How does progesterone affect the CNS?

Answer 8

Protective
- myelination, repair, limit apoptosis

Question 9

What is the slow classic genomic mechanism of progesterone?

Answer 9

Nuclear receptors, TFs

Question 10

What are the types of progesterone receptors?

Answer 10

A and B

Question 11

What is the role of PR-A?

Answer 11

Weak activator, potential repressor of progesterone action

Question 12

What is the role of PR-B?

Answer 12

Strong activator

Question 13

What is the rapid non-genomic pathway of progesterone?

Answer 13

Cell signalling pathways ex. channels, second messengers

Question 14

What is the role of progesterone in endometrial cancer?

Answer 14

Protect against by inhibiting the growth of cells

Question 15

Endometriosis has ____ levels of PR-B

Answer 15

Decreased, less progesterone signalling

Question 16

How does progesterone affect breast cancer?

Answer 16

Good and bad, proliferate and protect

Question 17

How does progesterone affect fibroids?

Answer 17

Causes them by stimulation cell growth

Question 18

What causes postpartum depression?

Answer 18

Drop in progesterone, GABA not activated anymore = -happiness

Question 19

What is the affect of progesterone in lactation?

Answer 19

Inhibit during gestation, if it continues high postpartum lactation will fail

Question 20

Progesterone is excreted in the ____

Answer 20

Urine

Question 21

What are progestogens/progestins?

Answer 21

Synthetic progesterone mimics

Question 22

What are SPRMs?

Answer 22

PR modulators (positive or negative effects), only 2 in use

Question 23

What is mifepristone?

Answer 23

SPRM, selective antagonist of progesterone

Question 24

How does mifepristone work?

Answer 24

Binds to PR with higher affinity > progesterone, acts as antagonist

Question 25

Mifepristone + misoprostol = ?

Answer 25

Abortion drug

Question 26

How does mifepristone act as an abortion drug?

Answer 26

Block PR, progesterone cannot maintain the uterine lining and the embryo can’t stay planted

Question 27

How does misoprostol act as an abortion drug?

Answer 27

Block BR, triggers muscle contractions to expel the embryo

Question 28

All hormonal contraceptives contain a ___

Answer 28

Progestin

Question 29

What is the benefit of combined hormonal contraception?

Answer 29

Maintains a regular bleeding pattern

Question 30

Combined hormonal contraception is progestin +___?

Answer 30

Estrogen

Question 31

What is the MOA of progestins?

Answer 31

-GnRH –> -LH –> -ovulation
-mucous permeability for sperm

Question 32

What the MOA of estrogens?

Answer 32

-GnRH –> -LH –> -ovulation
-follicle development

Question 33

What is ulipristal acetate?

Answer 33

SPRM that treats uterine fibroids

Question 34

What is menopause?

Answer 34

Drop of estrogen via aging

Question 35

T/F: Progesterone therapy is effective for menopausal women without their uterus

Answer 35

No, only estrogen if there’s no uterus to affect