3.4 animals with simple stomachs

Question 1

what are the abdominal boundaries (upper, lower, vertically)

Answer 1

upper: diaphragm

lower: pelvic cavity

vertically: vertebrae column and abdominal muscles

Question 2

what is peritoneum

Answer 2

layer of serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity

• it also covers most of the organs in the abdomen

Question 3

what is the composition of peritoneum

Answer 3

layer of mesothelium supported by a layer of connective tissue

Question 4

function of peritoneum

Answer 4

• give support to many abdominal organs
• serves as a conduit for blood vessel, lymphatic vessels and nerves to go through

Question 5

which organ is not wrapped around by the peritoneum

Answer 5

both kidneys

Question 6

what is parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

Answer 6

Parietal peritoneum = surrounds the abdominal cavity

Visceral peritoneum = part of the peritoneum that wraps around an organ

Question 7

what are the 2 curvatures of the stomach

Answer 7

lesser and greater curvature

Question 8

what is the main artery that supply blood to the foregut

Answer 8

celiac artery

Question 9

what organs does celiac artery supply blood to

Answer 9

stomach
spleen
liver
pancreas

Question 10

define anastomosis

Answer 10

branches of celiac artery form anastomoses that connect to each other

Question 11

function of anastomosis

Answer 11

if 1 celiac artery gets cut off, blood supply still functional

Question 12

location of the liver

Answer 12

most cranial part of the abdomen

right behind the diaphragm

Question 13

what are the names of the 6 lobes of the liver

Answer 13

papillary process of the caudate lobe

left lateral lobe

left medial lobe

quadrate lobe

right medial lobe

right lateral lobe

caudate process of the caudate lobe

Question 14

where is the gall bladder located at (between which lobes)

Answer 14

quadrate lobe and right medial lobe

Question 15

what does the portal triad consist of

Answer 15

hepatic portal vein
common bile duct
hepatic artery

Question 16

what hormone stimulate the release of bile from gall bladder

Answer 16

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 17

define mesentery

Answer 17

a structure formed by two layers of visceral peritoneum, attaching the organs to the abdominal wall and allowing the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

Question 18

define ileocaecocolic junction

Answer 18

• area where the ileum, the cecum, and the ascending colon meet

Question 19

how are the colon ileum and caecum connected in canine

Answer 19

Caecocolic orifice and ileocolic orifice

in canines, ileum is connected to the ascending colon, then the ascending colon connects to the caecum

Question 20

how are the colon ileum and caecum connected in feline

Answer 20

ileocaecocolic junction

Everything is connected together: caecum, ileum and ascending colon

Question 21

difference between omentum and mesentery

Answer 21

Omentum: A fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach to other abdominal organs.

mesentery: A fold of peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall.

Question 22

what is gastrosplenic ligament

Answer 22

It connects the stomach and the spleen

Question 23

what are the 2 branches from aorta

Answer 23

• First branch

○ Cranial mesenteric artery

• Second branch

○ Caudal mesenteric artery

Question 24

what is the function of the 2 branches from aorta (where do they go)

Answer 24

• Cranial mesenteric artery

○ Blood supply to the small intestine, caecum and the ascending and transverse colon

• Caudal mesentery artery

Much smaller and mainly for descending colon

Question 25

what are the 4 abdominal muscles

Answer 25

external abdominal oblique

internal abdominal oblique

transverse abdominis

rectus abdominis

Question 26

what is the origin and insertion of external abdominal oblique

Answer 26

O: costal cartilage
I: wide aponeurosis

Question 27

function of the external abdominal oblique

Answer 27

§ Compress abdominal cavity

§ Rotation of trunk

§ Most superficial muscle

Question 28

what is the origin and insertion of internal abdominal oblique

Answer 28

o: coxal tuberosity
I: linea alba

Question 29

function of the external abdominal oblique

Answer 29

function of the external abdominal oblique

Question 30

what is the origin and insertion of transverse abdominis

Answer 30

O: process of the lumbar vertebrate and the rib cage

I: linea alba

Question 31

function of the transverse abdominis

Answer 31

Helps compress ribs and provide stability

Question 32

what is the origin and insertion of rectus abdominis

Answer 32

○ O: sternum, sternal rib cartilage

I: prepubic tendon and pubic bone

Question 33

function of rectus abdominis

Answer 33

○ Function:

§ Assisting breathing and abdominal stability

§ It holds layers of muscles from the sides

Question 34

what makes up the linea alba

Answer 34

Rectus abdominis + rectus sheath

Question 35

function of the rectus sheath

Answer 35

it encloses the rectus abdominal muscles

Question 36

what is the inguinal ring

Answer 36

connective tissue opening between abdominal muscles and their aponeurosis

Question 37

function of inguinal rings

Answer 37

allow passage for testis and vaginal process

Question 38

what is inguinal canal

Answer 38

spaces between 2 rings

Question 39

what are the 2 blood vessel that supply the abdominal wall

Answer 39

cranial superficial epigastric artery and vein

caudal superficial epigastric artery and vein