3.4 animals with simple stomachs Flashcards
what are the abdominal boundaries (upper, lower, vertically)
upper: diaphragm
lower: pelvic cavity
vertically: vertebrae column and abdominal muscles
what is peritoneum
layer of serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
- it also covers most of the organs in the abdomen
what is the composition of peritoneum
layer of mesothelium supported by a layer of connective tissue
function of peritoneum
- give support to many abdominal organs
- serves as a conduit for blood vessel, lymphatic vessels and nerves to go through
which organ is not wrapped around by the peritoneum
both kidneys
what is parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum = surrounds the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum = part of the peritoneum that wraps around an organ
what are the 2 curvatures of the stomach
lesser and greater curvature
what is the main artery that supply blood to the foregut
celiac artery
what organs does celiac artery supply blood to
stomach
spleen
liver
pancreas
define anastomosis
branches of celiac artery form anastomoses that connect to each other
function of anastomosis
if 1 celiac artery gets cut off, blood supply still functional
location of the liver
most cranial part of the abdomen
right behind the diaphragm
what are the names of the 6 lobes of the liver
papillary process of the caudate lobe
left lateral lobe
left medial lobe
quadrate lobe
right medial lobe
right lateral lobe
caudate process of the caudate lobe
where is the gall bladder located at (between which lobes)
quadrate lobe and right medial lobe
what does the portal triad consist of
hepatic portal vein
common bile duct
hepatic artery
what hormone stimulate the release of bile from gall bladder
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
define mesentery
a structure formed by two layers of visceral peritoneum, attaching the organs to the abdominal wall and allowing the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.
define ileocaecocolic junction
- area where the ileum, the cecum, and the ascending colon meet
how are the colon ileum and caecum connected in canine
Caecocolic orifice and ileocolic orifice
in canines, ileum is connected to the ascending colon, then the ascending colon connects to the caecum
how are the colon ileum and caecum connected in feline
ileocaecocolic junction
Everything is connected together: caecum, ileum and ascending colon
difference between omentum and mesentery
Omentum: A fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach to other abdominal organs.
mesentery: A fold of peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall.
what is gastrosplenic ligament
It connects the stomach and the spleen
what are the 2 branches from aorta
- First branch
○ Cranial mesenteric artery
- Second branch
○ Caudal mesenteric artery
what is the function of the 2 branches from aorta (where do they go)
- Cranial mesenteric artery
○ Blood supply to the small intestine, caecum and the ascending and transverse colon
- Caudal mesentery artery
Much smaller and mainly for descending colon
what are the 4 abdominal muscles
external abdominal oblique
internal abdominal oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis
what is the origin and insertion of external abdominal oblique
O: costal cartilage
I: wide aponeurosis
function of the external abdominal oblique
§ Compress abdominal cavity
§ Rotation of trunk
§ Most superficial muscle
what is the origin and insertion of internal abdominal oblique
o: coxal tuberosity
I: linea alba
function of the external abdominal oblique
function of the external abdominal oblique
what is the origin and insertion of transverse abdominis
O: process of the lumbar vertebrate and the rib cage
I: linea alba
function of the transverse abdominis
Helps compress ribs and provide stability
what is the origin and insertion of rectus abdominis
○ O: sternum, sternal rib cartilage
I: prepubic tendon and pubic bone
function of rectus abdominis
○ Function:
§ Assisting breathing and abdominal stability
§ It holds layers of muscles from the sides
what makes up the linea alba
Rectus abdominis + rectus sheath
function of the rectus sheath
it encloses the rectus abdominal muscles
what is the inguinal ring
connective tissue opening between abdominal muscles and their aponeurosis
function of inguinal rings
allow passage for testis and vaginal process
what is inguinal canal
spaces between 2 rings
what are the 2 blood vessel that supply the abdominal wall
cranial superficial epigastric artery and vein
caudal superficial epigastric artery and vein
