3.4

Question 1

What is the difficulty with maintaining HA?

Answer 1

It is very high cost. There is always another contingency you can add. Upgraded power, high-quality server components… it never ends.

Question 2

A resiliency method of combining two or more servers to act as a single large server. This works in such a way that users only see one device.

This is used to increase capacity and availability.

Answer 2

Server clustering

Question 3

True/False

Clustered servers typically use different OSs

Answer 3

False

Clustered servers commonly use the same OS. This enables interoperability.

Question 4

True/False

Clustered servers do not write directly to their own storage systems.

Answer 4

True

Clustered servers typically write to a single shared storage directory. This ensures that every server has up-to-date information when they perform operations.

Question 5

A resiliency method of placing a central device between the network and a collection of servers. This central device directs traffic to each server in a way that is most efficient for performance and availability.

In this configuration, each server is not aware of the other servers’ presence.

Answer 5

Load balancing

Question 6

A recovery site that is an exact replica of an organization’s datacenter. This includes hardware, software, patches, updates, and data.

Answer 6

Hot site

Question 7

A recovery site that provides an empty building for an organization to move into. They must then purchase and install hardware, software, and then download up-to-date proprietary data. They must then move over the team members to this site before it can work.

Answer 7

Cold site

Question 8

A recovery site that may have some hardware, software, and data available, but may need additional installations and configuration to be up and running.

Answer 8

Warm site

Question 9

True/False

Your recovery site should be close to your main site, so that it is easier to move to it if in need.

Answer 9

False

If disaster is caused by an act of God, the alternate site may also be affected. It is best to have the other site in a different geographic location to avoid this.

Question 10

True/False

It is best to use the same OS for all of your organization’s devices because it makes interoperability easier.

Answer 10

False

Using a single OS can pose a security risk since vulnerabilities are very well documented online. By using many different OSs, it prevents one vulnerability from causing a problem in the entire network.

Question 11

True/False

It is best to use one cloud provider to eliminate the security risks associated with using multiple clouds.

Answer 11

False

Using multiple cloud providers can provide resiliency and security. That way, your data is both geographically and cloud service dispersed. A breach or outage with one provider wouldn’t affect the others.

Question 12

COOP stands for

Answer 12

Continuity of Operations Planning

Question 13

What is a COOP used for?

Answer 13

When disasters come and you need to find a solution to continue operations.

These alternative could be manual rather than digital; paper receipts instead of automated receipts, manual transactions instead of card transactions, and phone calls.

Question 14

A method of incident response training where the team responsible talk through a simulated disaster/drill in order to practice their response.

Answer 14

Tabletop exercise

Question 15

A recovery method where, when the primary system fails, a secondary, redundant system takes on the load.

Answer 15

Failover

Question 16

A method where multiple devices or CPUs are used to process transactions. It could be a single device with multiple CPU cores, or multiple computers.

It provides resiliency since if one of those processors fails, the other processors can take on the load.

This also improves performance since transactions are spread throughout multiple processors instead of just one.

Answer 16

Parallel processing

Question 17

A backup that is immediately available because it is at the same location as the organization.

Answer 17

Onsite backup

Question 18

A backup that needs to be transferred over the internet over a WAN link or shipped because it is not in the same location as the organization. To use it for recovery, you must be network connected to it.

Answer 18

Offsite backup

Question 19

True/False

Most organizations use both onsite and offsite backups. Onsite for quick access, and offsite for long-term storage.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the most common way that backups are protected? This is especially useful for backups on the cloud.

Answer 20

Encryption

Question 21

A common type of backup used for VMs and cloud-based infrastructures. It is an instant backup of an entire system - configuration and data included. Each backup after the original one contains only the changes between them.

Answer 21

Snapshot

Question 22

Which type of backup is similar to an incremental backup?

Answer 22

Snapshot

Once the original snapshot is taken, any snapshots following contain only the changes made.

Question 23

A test used to make sure that the backups are not corrupted and can be recovered from quickly. This includes a complete restoration from the backup and testing on every application to make sure everything works properly.

Answer 23

Recovery test

Question 24

An ongoing, almost real-time backup that keeps data synchronized in multiple locations. Commonly used to prepare a hot site.

Answer 24

Replication

Question 25

A technology that writes changes that should be made to a separate intermediate file. After that file gets written to, then the changes are made.

This prevents corruption due to power outage. If the power goes out while the intermediate file is written, the data is simply lost.

If the power goes out while the changes are being made, instead of the data getting corrupted, the computer instead looks to that intermediate file for the correct version of data and updates itself to match it.

Answer 25

Journaling

Question 26

UPS stands for

Answer 26

Uninterruptable Power Supply

Question 27

UPS is good for ____ backup power

Answer 27

Short-term (a few hours)

Question 28

Generators are good for ____ backup power.

Answer 28

Long-term

Question 29

A UPS that is constantly running on main power. When the main power fails, a switch pulls where it changes from the main power to battery backup.

Answer 29

Offline/standby UPS

Question 30

A type of UPS that can increase the voltage if you see a decrease in the powerline. (Mitigates brownouts)

Answer 30

Line-interactive UPS

Question 31

A type of UPS that completely isolates the equipment from raw utility power. The equipment instead runs on this type of UPS 24/7, and there is zero transfer time to the battery power.

Answer 31

Online/double-conversion UPS

Question 32

True/False

Generators have a higher capacity than UPSs

Answer 32

True

UPSs have limits on what they can do, while generators can power entire buildings.

Question 33

How are UPSs and generators often used together?

Answer 33

Generators take a while to get started, so using a UPS in the meantime helps make an uninterrupted power supply.