337 criteria M2 Flashcards
alcohol use disorder
(A) problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least 2 of 11 specified symptoms, occurring within a 12‐month period
- symptoms are DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence and abuse + CRAVING - legal problems
DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse
- recurrent alcohol use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home
- recurrent alcohol use in situations in which it is physically hazardous
- continued use despite persistent/recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of alcohol
DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence
- tolerance (the need for greater amounts of alcohol to achieve the same intoxication level or desired effects) or a markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of alcohol
- withdrawal: physiological and cognitive maladaptive symptoms that occur when the blood concentration of alcohol declines after prolonged and heavy use of alcohol
- alcohol is often taken in larger amounts and/or over longer periods of time than intended
- persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to stop or cut down alcohol use
- increased amount of time is spent consuming, obtaining, or recovering from the effects of alcohol
- important occupational, social, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of alcohol use
- alcohol consumption continues despite the knowledge of having persistent or recurring physiological or psychological difficulties
severity ratings for AUD
- mild: 2-3 symptoms
- moderate: 4-5 symptoms
- severe: 6+ symptoms
alcohol withdrawal syndrome
(A) 2 symptoms are met and cause impairment or distress
- autonomic hyperactivity
- increased hand tremor
- insomnia
- nausea or vomiting
- transient visual, tactile, auditory hallucinations or illusions
- psychomotor agitations
- anxiety
- seizures
AUD specifiers
- in early remission: no criteria is met for at least 3 months, but less than 12 months
- sustained remission: no criteria is met for 12 months
- both specifiers exclude the craving criterion
- controlled environment: where access to alcohol is restricted
diagnostic features of nicotine use disorder
- smoking more cigarettes per day over time
- smoking within the first 30 minutes of waking
- waking up at night to smoke
- withdrawal symptoms: changes in mood
diagnostic features of cannabis use disorder
- develops over an elongated period of time with slow increase in amount and frequency
- use before age 15 is a strong predictor
diagnostic features of opioid use disorder
- compulsive self‐administration of opioid substances that are not prescribed for any medical reason or are used in exorbitant amounts for the particular medical condition
- withdrawal: anxiety and restlessness, dilated pupils, rhinorrhea (runny nose), nausea
borderline PD
(A) pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image and affects, and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by FIVE or more of the following:
1. Profound fears of abandonment (real or imagined). The person makes frantic and sometimes extreme efforts to avoid abandonment by others.
2. Interpersonal relationships that are both intense and unstable and that alternate between feelings of idealization and devaluation of the other person.
3. Identity disturbance characterized by a highly unstable sense of self or markedly disturbed self‐image.
4. Impulsive behavior in at least two areas that have the potential to be self‐damaging or to have harmful consequences (such as substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating, unsafe sexual behavior, excessive spending).
5. Recurrent self-mutilating behavior or suicide threats, gestures, or suicidal behavior.
6. Highly reactive mood, leading to affective instability (e.g., intense negative affect such as depression, irritability, or anxiety that lasts a few hours or [rarely] a few days).
7. Persistent feelings of emptiness.
8. Intense or inappropriate anger that is difficult to control (e.g., constant feelings of anger, angry outbursts, or recurrent physical fights).
9. Brief periods of paranoid ideation or dissociative symptoms when under stress.
antisocial PD
(A) pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since AGE 15, as indicated by at least THREE of the following:
- failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviours (criminal behaviour)
- deceitfulness (lying, conning, aliases)
- impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
- irritability and aggressiveness
- reckless disregard for safety of self or others
- consistent irresponsibility (financial or work obligations)
- lack of remorse (indifferent to/rationalizing hurting others)
*need to be at least 18 years old
*antisocial behaviour can have psychological origins, which isn’t reflected here
conduct disorder
- aggression to people or animals (bullies, using a weapon, physical cruelty to animals)
- destruction of property (fire setting)
- deceitfulness or theft (lying to obtain things)
- serious violations of rules (ignoring curfew, truancy)
CD specifiers
- childhood-onset (before age 10)
- adolescent-onset
- with limited prosocial emotions (lack of remorse/guilt, callous lack of empathy, unconcerned about performance, shallow or deficient affect): egocentric, cold-hearted, violent, manipulative - tracking trajectory toward psychopathy
CD epidemiology
- boys 4x more likely to be diagnosed
- girls diagnosed at a later age (different correlates and outcomes)
- assortative mating exacerbates CD problems (more negative behaviour, poorer parenting) which makes kids with higher genetic loading and more environmental risk factors
schizophrenia
(A) At least TWO of the following: at least one of which is (1) delusions (2) hallucinations (3) disorganized speech or behaviour
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour
- negative symptoms
(B) level of functioning is markedly lower than prior to onset
(C) symptoms present for 6 MONTHS with at least ONE MONTH of active symptoms
(D) unipolar, bipolar, schizoaffective disorders ruled out
(E) not attributable to substance
