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AS Chemistry - Organic > 3.3.2 - Alkanes > Flashcards

3.3.2 - Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

General formula for straight/branched chain alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

General formula for cyclic alkanes?

A

CnH2n

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3
Q

What is the bond angle in straight chain alkanes?

A

109.5 degrees

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4
Q

Are alkanes polar?

A

No

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5
Q

Are alkanes soluble?

A

No

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6
Q

What IMFs are between alkane molecules?

A

vdWs’ only

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7
Q

How do you get from an alkane to a haloalkane?

A

Free radical substitution

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8
Q

What carbon chain length in gaseous alkanes?

A

1-4

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9
Q

What carbon chain length in liquid alkanes?

A

5-17

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10
Q

What carbon chain length in solid alkanes?

A

18+

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11
Q

Solid alkanes have a ______ feel to them

A

Waxy feel

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12
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Separating crude oil into different fractions based on boiling point

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13
Q

What is a fraction?

A

Hydrocarbon molecules of similar carbon chain lengths and properties

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14
Q

Fractional distillation is a ______ process - why?

A

Physical process: vdW forces between alkane molecules are overcome in vaporisation and reformed in condensation

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15
Q

Unburnt hydrocarbons can form what? Why is this bad?

A

Photochemical smog - carcinogenic

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16
Q

Temp of top and bottom of fractionating tower/column?

A

Top - 400K

Bottom - 630K

17
Q

What is ‘cracking’?

A

Breaking C-C bonds in alkanes to produce a mixture of shorter chain alkanes and alkenes that are more economically valuable

18
Q

Two types of cracking?

A

Thermal and catalytic

19
Q

Describe thermal and catalytic cracking

A

Thermal: 1000degrees C; 70atm; no catalyst
Catalytic: 450degrees C; slight Pa; honeycomb zeolite catalyst

20
Q

Main products of thermal and catalytic cracking

A

Thermal: alkenes
Catalytic: cycloalkanes; aromatic compounds; motor fuels; branched alkanes

21
Q

What are catalytic converters made from?

A

Platinum and rhodium in a honeycomb structure

22
Q

What is the aim of flue gas desulfurisation?

A

To remove SO2 from the combustion of coal

23
Q

Use of very short chain alkanes?

A

Camping gas (butane, propane)

24
Q

Use of gasoline?

A

Car petrol

25
Q

Use of naptha?

A

Photochemical production

26
Q

Use of kerosene?

A

Jet fuel

27
Q

Use of diesel oil?

A

Lorry fuel

28
Q

Use of lubricating oil?

A

Candles/engine oil

29
Q

Use of fuel oil?

A

Ships/power station fuel

30
Q

Use of tar/bitumen?

A

Roads/roofing

AS Chemistry - Organic (7 decks)

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