3.3.1 - Intro to Organic

Question 1

Define ‘molecular formula’

Answer 1

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 2

In 3D structural formula, how do you show

a) bonds coming out
b) bonds going in
c) planar bonds?

Answer 2

a) bonds coming out - filled in wedge
b) bonds going in - dotted line
c) planar bonds - plain line

Question 3

What is an methyl group?

Answer 3

-CH3

Question 4

What is an ethyl group?

Answer 4

-C2H5

Question 5

What is an propyl group?

Answer 5

-C3H8

Question 6

What is an butyl group?

Answer 6

-C4H9

Question 7

Nomenclature for alkanes? E.g. 2 carbons?

Answer 7

-ane suffix - ethane

Question 8

Nomenclature for alkenes? E.g. 2 carbons?

Answer 8

-ene suffix - ethene

Question 9

Nomenclature for halogenalkanes? E.g. 2 carbons?

Answer 9

haloethane (chloro/iodo/bromo/fluoro)

Question 10

Nomenclature for alcohols? E.g. 2 carbons?

Answer 10

-ol suffix - ethanol

Question 11

Nomenclature for ketones? E.g. 3 carbons?

Answer 11

-one suffix - propanone

Question 12

Nomenclature for carboxylic acids? E.g. 3 carbons?

Answer 12

-oic acid suffix - Propanoic acid

Question 13

Three types of structural isomerism?

Answer 13

Functional group
Chain
Positional

Question 14

What is functional group isomerism?

Answer 14

Rearrangement of the atoms of the molecule into different functional groups (e.g. aldehyde/ketone)

Question 15

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 15

Rearrangement of the carbon chain (e.g. branching)

Question 16

What is positional isomerism?

Answer 16

Movement of the positional group (e.g. butan-1-ol/butan-2-ol).

Question 17

Define ‘homologous series’

Answer 17

Organic compound group with the same functional group but different carbon chain length

Question 18

Each member in a homologous series differs by _____

Answer 18

CH2

Question 19

Does carbon chain length significantly alter chemical reactivity?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

Does carbon chain length significantly alter physical properties?

Answer 20

Yes (melting/boiling points, solubility)

Question 21

What impact does branching of the carbon chain have on mpts?

Answer 21

Branching usually lowers mpt

Question 22

Define ‘stereoisomerism’

Answer 22

Same structural formula, different arrangement of atoms in space