3.3.1 - Intro to Organic Flashcards
Define ‘molecular formula’
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
In 3D structural formula, how do you show
a) bonds coming out
b) bonds going in
c) planar bonds?
a) bonds coming out - filled in wedge
b) bonds going in - dotted line
c) planar bonds - plain line
What is an methyl group?
-CH3
What is an ethyl group?
-C2H5
What is an propyl group?
-C3H8
What is an butyl group?
-C4H9
Nomenclature for alkanes? E.g. 2 carbons?
-ane suffix - ethane
Nomenclature for alkenes? E.g. 2 carbons?
-ene suffix - ethene
Nomenclature for halogenalkanes? E.g. 2 carbons?
haloethane (chloro/iodo/bromo/fluoro)
Nomenclature for alcohols? E.g. 2 carbons?
-ol suffix - ethanol
Nomenclature for ketones? E.g. 3 carbons?
-one suffix - propanone
Nomenclature for carboxylic acids? E.g. 3 carbons?
-oic acid suffix - Propanoic acid
Three types of structural isomerism?
Functional group
Chain
Positional
What is functional group isomerism?
Rearrangement of the atoms of the molecule into different functional groups (e.g. aldehyde/ketone)
What is chain isomerism?
Rearrangement of the carbon chain (e.g. branching)
What is positional isomerism?
Movement of the positional group (e.g. butan-1-ol/butan-2-ol).
Define ‘homologous series’
Organic compound group with the same functional group but different carbon chain length
Each member in a homologous series differs by _____
CH2
Does carbon chain length significantly alter chemical reactivity?
No
Does carbon chain length significantly alter physical properties?
Yes (melting/boiling points, solubility)
What impact does branching of the carbon chain have on mpts?
Branching usually lowers mpt
Define ‘stereoisomerism’
Same structural formula, different arrangement of atoms in space
