[3.3.13] Amino Acids, Proteins & DNA

Question 1

What is the general structure of amino acids?

Answer 1

Question 2

Describe the optical activity of amino acids.

Answer 2

Question 3

Name this amino acid.

Answer 3

Question 4

Name this amino acid.

Answer 4

Question 5

Name this amino acid.

Answer 5

Question 6

What are acidic and basic amino acids?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are zwitterions?

How do zwitterions explain the high melting points of amino acids?

Answer 7

Question 8

Draw the structure of amino acids as zwitterions and the ions formed from amino acids in acid solution, and in alkaline solution.

Answer 8

Question 9

What will acidic and basic amino acids do in acid or alkaline solution?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are dipeptides?

Answer 10

Question 11

Draw the dipeptide that forms as a result of the combination of the two amino acids below:

Answer 11

Question 12

Draw the reaction that occurs when the amino acid below reacts with methanol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.

Answer 12

Question 13

Draw the reaction that occurs when the amino acid below reacts with ethanoyl chloride.

Answer 13

Question 14

Describe the hydrolysis of di-peptides/proteins.

How can we identify the composition of the protein from this?

Answer 14

Question 15

Draw the structure of the amino acids formed from the hydrolysis of this dipeptide in HCl.

Answer 15

Question 16

Draw the structure of the amino acids formed from the hydrolysis of this dipeptide in NaOH.

Answer 16

Question 17

Describe a method for how amino acids can be seperated and identified by thin-layer chromatography.

Explain each step.

Answer 17

Question 18

What are proteins?

Answer 18

Question 19

What is the primary structure of proteins?

Answer 19

Question 20

What is the secondary structure of proteins?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the tertiary structure of proteins?

Answer 21

Question 22

What are enzymes?

Answer 22

Proteins.

Question 23

Describe the action of enzymes as catalysts.

Answer 23

Question 24

Explain why a stereospecific active site can only bond to one enantiomeric form of a substrate or drug.

Answer 24

Question 25

How do some drugs act as enzyme inhibitors? How can such drugs be designed?

Answer 25

Question 26

What part of a cytosine, guanine, thymine, and adenine base does the 2-deoxyribose bond to?

Answer 26

The 2-deoxyribose bonds to the sections in blue:

Question 27

What is a nucleotide made up of? Draw nucleotides with a guanine base, a cytosine base, a thymine base and an adenine base.

Answer 27

Question 28

How does a sugar-phosphate chain form? Draw the section of a sugar-phosphate chain where a nucleotide containing cytosine is bonded to a nucleotide containing adenine.

Answer 28

Question 29

What does DNA exist as?

Answer 29

Question 30

Explain how hydrogen bonding between base pairs leads to the two complementary strands of DNA. Draw the hydrogen bonds between the bases in DNA.

Answer 30

Question 31

What complex is used as an anti-cancer drug?

Answer 31

Question 32

How does cisplatin prevent DNA replication?

Answer 32

Question 33

Why does only cisplatin work to prevent DNA replication, but transplatin does not?

Answer 33

Question 34

Explain why cisplatin can have adverse side effects. How can these be minimised?

Answer 34