3.3 Respiration Flashcards
Where does glycolysis occur ?
Cytoplasm of mitochondria
What is glucose phosphorylated into ?
Hexose di phosphate
What is phosphorylation ?
The addition of phosphate to a substrate
What is dehydrogenation ?
The removal of 1 or more hydrogen atoms from a molecule using dehydrogenase enzyme
What is substrate level phosphorylation ?
Using energy released directly from the substrate to produce ATP
What is decarboxylation ?
Removal of CO2 from a substrate using a decarboxylase enzyme
Where does the link reaction occur ?
Matrix of the mitochondria
How many times does the link reaction happen in 1 glucose molecule ?
Twice
Where does the Krebs cycle occur ?
Matrix of the mitochondria
How many times does the Krebs cycle occur in 1 glucose molecule ?
Twice
What is oxidative decarboxylation ?
The combined reaction where carbon dioxide and hydrogen are removed
What is the Krebs cycle ?
A series of reactions where a 6C citric acid is converted to a 4C acid where 1 ATP,3 reduced NAD and 1 reduced FAD aware produced along the way.
How many ATP molecules are produced in respiration ?
38
How many reduced NAD enter through electron transport chain ?
3
How many reduced FAD enter through electron transport chain ?
2
How many electron acceptors are there in the ETC ?
3
What does the stalked particle contain ?
ATPsynthase
What is the name for anaerobic respiration in yeast ?
Alcoholic fermentation
What does yeast convert pyruvic acid into ?
Ethanol
What does alcohol dehydrogenase convert ethanal into ?
Ethanol
In anaerobic respiration in animals what is pyruvic acid converted into ?
Lactic acid
What does pyruvate act as in anaerobic respiration in animals ?
A hydrogen acceptor and converting to lactic acid regenerating NAD
What happens when lipids are used as an alternative respiratory pathway ?
Fat is hydrolysed into glycerol and fatty acids, the glycerol is phosphorylated with ATP, dehydrogenated with NAD and converted into triose phosphate. Large amount of ATP produced
What is protein hydrolysed into when it’s used as an alternative respiratory pathway ?
Amino acids
