3.3 Organisms exchange substances with their environment - SA ratio + Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is the relationship between the size of an organism and its surface area to volume ratio?
The size of an organism influences its surface area to volume ratio, affecting its adaptations.
What is a key adaptation of exchange surfaces in organisms?
Exchange surfaces have adaptations to make transport across the surface more efficient.
What is the surface area to volume ratio of an organism with a surface area of 6 cm² and a volume of 2 cm³?
SA:Vol = 3
What is the surface area to volume ratio of an organism with a surface area of 54 cm² and a volume of 27 cm³?
SA:Vol = 2
Small organisms have a _______ surface area in comparison to their volume.
large
How do small organisms like amoeba exchange substances?
They exchange substances across their surface by diffusion.
Why can small organisms efficiently exchange substances?
They have a large surface area relative to their volume and a smaller distance from the outside to the interior.
What happens to the surface area compared to volume as organisms increase in size?
The surface area becomes smaller compared to its volume.
What is a key factor that increases with the size of larger organisms?
Higher metabolic rate.
What is the significance of metabolic rate in larger organisms?
It demands efficient transport of waste out of cells and reactants into cells.
Name an adaptation that helps in the efficient absorption of digested food.
Villi and microvilli.
Which adaptations are used for efficient gas exchange in mammals?
Alveoli and bronchioles.
What structures do terrestrial insects use for efficient gas exchange?
Spiracles and tracheoles.
Which adaptations are involved in efficient gas exchange in fish?
Gill filaments and lamellae.
What adaptation do plants have for efficient gas exchange?
Thin wide leaves.
What is the role of many capillaries in larger organisms?
Efficient exchange at tissues.
Fill in the blank: The larger an organism is, the larger the distance from the ______ to the outside.
[middle]
True or False: Larger organisms do not require adaptations for efficient substance exchange.
False.
What are the key structures involved in human gas exchange?
• alveoli
• bronchioles
• bronchi
• trachea
• lungs
These structures facilitate the process of gas exchange in the respiratory system.
What is the role of the diaphragm in ventilation?
The diaphragm contracts and relaxes to control inhalation and exhalation.
The diaphragm is a key muscle involved in the mechanics of breathing.
What are the muscles involved in ventilation?
• Diaphragm
• External intercostal muscles
• Internal intercostal muscles
These muscles work together to expand and contract the thoracic cavity.
Define ventilation in the context of human respiration.
Ventilation is inhaling and exhaling in humans.
It involves the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
What happens during inspiration?
• Thoracic cavity expands
• External intercostal muscles contract
• Diaphragm contracts
These actions result in air being drawn into the lungs.
What occurs during expiration?
• Thoracic cavity reduces
• External intercostal muscles relax
This process pushes air out of the lungs.