3.3 Carbohydrates Flashcards
What elements do carbohydrates contain?
Hydrogen, carbon , oxygen
General formula for carbohydrates
Cx (H2O)y
What is a monosaccharide
A single sugar unit
What is a disaccharide
when 2 monosaccharides link together
Examples of monosaccharides
fructose, glucose, ribose, deoxyribose, galactose
Examples of disaccharides
maltose, sucrose, lactose
What is a polysaccharide
when many monosaccharides link together to form a polymer
Examples of polysaccharides
glycogen, cellulose, starch
What is the chemical formula for glucose
C6H12O6
How many carbons does the monosaccharide glucose contain
6
How is glucose a polar molecule
Due to hydrogen bonds that form between hydroxyl groups and water molecules (Oxygen = negative + Hydrogen = positive)
What are the two types of glucose?
Alpha
Beta
What is the difference between between the two types of glucose?
Order of H and OH is reversed at Carbon-1 on beta glucose
H, OH = alpha
OH, H = beta
What is the structure of maltose
2 alpha glucose monosaccharides join together to form a disaccharide
What type of reaction is the formation of maltose? Why?
Condensation because water is released when the glycosidic bond forms from the two OH bonds