3.1 Biological molecules

Question 1

Name the 4 elements that make up most living organisms.

Answer 1

Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 2

How many bonds do carbon atoms form?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

How many bonds do nitrogen atoms form?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

How many bonds do oxygen atoms form?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

How many bonds do hydrogen atoms form?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

Calcium ion symbol

Answer 6

Ca2+

Question 7

Sodium ion symbol

Answer 7

Na+

Question 8

Potassium ion symbol

Answer 8

K+

Question 9

Hydrogen ion symbol

Answer 9

H+

Question 10

Ammonium ion symbol

Answer 10

NH4 +

Question 11

Nitrate ion symbol

Answer 11

NO3 -

Question 12

Hydrogencarbonate ion symbol

Answer 12

HCO3 -

Question 13

Chloride ion symbol

Answer 13

Cl-

Question 14

Phosphate ion symbol

Answer 14

PO4 3-

Question 15

Hydroxide ion symbol

Answer 15

OH-

Question 16

What is the difference between an anion and cation?

Answer 16

An anion is a negative ion
A cation is a positive ion (purrrsitive)

Question 17

What is an anabolic reaction?

Answer 17

building smaller molecules into larger ones
e.g. in bodybuilding steriods

Question 18

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 18

breaking larger molecules into smaller ones

Question 19

What are calcium ions used for?

Answer 19

Muscle contraction
Nerve impulse transmission

Question 20

What are sodium ions used for?

Answer 20

Kidney function
Nerve impulse transmission

Question 21

What are potassium ions used for?

Answer 21

Stomatal opening
Nerve impulse transmission

Question 22

What are hydrogen ions used for?

Answer 22

Catalysis of reactions
pH determination

Question 23

What are ammonium ions used for?

Answer 23

Production of nitrate ions by bacteria

Question 24

What are nitrates used for?

Answer 24

Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid formation

Question 25

What are hydrogencarbonate ions used for?

Answer 25

Maintenance of blood pH
Transport of CO2

Question 26

What are chloride ions used for?

Answer 26

Balance positive charges of sodium and potassium ions in cells

Question 27

What are phosphate ions used for?

Answer 27

Cell membrane formation
Nucleic acid, ATP formation
Bone formation

Question 28

What are hydroxide ions used for?

Answer 28

Catalysis of reactions
pH determination

Question 29

What elements are carbohydrates made from?

Answer 29

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 30

What elements are lipids made from?

Answer 30

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 31

What elements are proteins made from?

Answer 31

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur

Question 32

What elements are nucleic acids made from?

Answer 32

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Question 33

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 33

Anabolic
water is a waste product
joins 2 molecules together

Question 34

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 34

Catabolic
water molecule is used to break a covalent bonds
splits molecule into two
water is a reactant

Question 35

Why are electron microscopes used to view ribosomes but light microscopes are used to view whole cells?

Answer 35

Molecules are smaller than the resolution limit of light but larger than the resolution limit of the electron beam