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Biology > 3.1 Biological molecules > Flashcards

3.1 Biological molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 4 elements that make up most living organisms.

A

Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen

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2
Q

How many bonds do carbon atoms form?

A

4

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3
Q

How many bonds do nitrogen atoms form?

A

3

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4
Q

How many bonds do oxygen atoms form?

A

2

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5
Q

How many bonds do hydrogen atoms form?

A

1

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6
Q

Calcium ion symbol

A

Ca2+

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7
Q

Sodium ion symbol

A

Na+

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8
Q

Potassium ion symbol

A

K+

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9
Q

Hydrogen ion symbol

A

H+

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10
Q

Ammonium ion symbol

A

NH4 +

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11
Q

Nitrate ion symbol

A

NO3 -

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12
Q

Hydrogencarbonate ion symbol

A

HCO3 -

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13
Q

Chloride ion symbol

A

Cl-

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14
Q

Phosphate ion symbol

A

PO4 3-

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15
Q

Hydroxide ion symbol

A

OH-

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16
Q

What is the difference between an anion and cation?

A

An anion is a negative ion
A cation is a positive ion (purrrsitive)

17
Q

What is an anabolic reaction?

A

building smaller molecules into larger ones
e.g. in bodybuilding steriods

18
Q

What is a catabolic reaction?

A

breaking larger molecules into smaller ones

19
Q

What are calcium ions used for?

A

Muscle contraction
Nerve impulse transmission

20
Q

What are sodium ions used for?

A

Kidney function
Nerve impulse transmission

21
Q

What are potassium ions used for?

A

Stomatal opening
Nerve impulse transmission

22
Q

What are hydrogen ions used for?

A

Catalysis of reactions
pH determination

23
Q

What are ammonium ions used for?

A

Production of nitrate ions by bacteria

24
Q

What are nitrates used for?

A

Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid formation

25
Q

What are hydrogencarbonate ions used for?

A

Maintenance of blood pH
Transport of CO2

26
Q

What are chloride ions used for?

A

Balance positive charges of sodium and potassium ions in cells

27
Q

What are phosphate ions used for?

A

Cell membrane formation
Nucleic acid, ATP formation
Bone formation

28
Q

What are hydroxide ions used for?

A

Catalysis of reactions
pH determination

29
Q

What elements are carbohydrates made from?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

30
Q

What elements are lipids made from?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

31
Q

What elements are proteins made from?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur

32
Q

What elements are nucleic acids made from?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

33
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

Anabolic
water is a waste product
joins 2 molecules together

34
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

Catabolic
water molecule is used to break a covalent bons
splits molecule into two
water is a reactant

35
Q

Why are electron microscopes used to view ribosomes but light microscopes are used to view whole cells?

A

Molecules are smaller than the resolution limit of light but larger than the resolution limit of the electron beam

Biology (9 decks)

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