33. Blood Stem Cells

Question 1

What is the difference between a stem cell and a committed or differentiated cell?

Answer 1

A committed cell is not self renewing and is on a path towards a specific cell type and can’t become any type

Question 2

What is a totipotent stem cell?

Answer 2

1. Stem cell, self-renewing
2. Gives rise to all cell types
3. Gives rise to cells that support embryo for development

Question 3

What is a zygote?

Answer 3

Totipotent stem cell

Question 4

What is pluripotency?

Answer 4

1. Cell that is able to give rise to all cell types

2. Unable to provide cells for embryo support

Question 5

What are embryonic stem cells an example of?

Answer 5

Pluripotent stem cells

Question 6

What is multipotency?

Answer 6

1. The ability of a cell to give rise to a different cell type of a given lineage

Question 7

What is an example of a multipotent stem cell?

Answer 7

Adult stem cells

Question 8

What type of cells are self-renewing?

Answer 8

All “stem cells” have the ability to self-renew

Question 9

Examples of adult stem cells?

Answer 9

Bone marrow, cord blood, peripheral blood (low amount), skeletal muscle, heart muscle, dental pulp, skin, colon, liver, prostate, mammary gland, eye, ear, fat, pancreas

Question 10

What are sources of hematopoietic stem cell?

Answer 10

Bone marrow, peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood, fetus liver, induced pluripotent stem cells

Question 11

What stem cell gives rise to lymphoid progenitor cells?

Answer 11

Multipotential stem cells

Question 12

What stem cells gives rise to granulocytes and lymphocytes?

Answer 12

Myeloid progenitor cells

Question 13

What is the precursor for megakaryocyte?

Answer 13

Myeloblast/monoblast

Question 14

What is the precursor for orthochromatic erythroblast and what will it ultimately form?

Answer 14

1. Basophilic erythroblast from myeloblast.

2. Forms erythrocyte

Question 15

What is used to control the erythrocyte differentiation?

Answer 15

Erythropoietin

Question 16

What cell types are associated with phase 1 of erythrocyte differentiation?

Answer 16

1. CD34+ cell

2. Proerythroblast

Question 17

What cell types are associated with phase 2 of erythrocyte differentiation?

Answer 17

1. Basophilic normoblast
2. Polychromatic normoblast
3. Orthochromatic normoblast

Question 18

What structures are associated with erythroid differentiation in phase 3?

Answer 18

1. Reticulocyte

2. Mature RBC

Question 19

Blood is generated from what precursor?

Answer 19

1. Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 20

What structures are generated from mesenchymal stem cells?

Answer 20

1. Nervous tissue
2. Heart
3. Vessels
4. Kidney
5. Muscle
6. Bone, fat, cartilage

Question 21

Bone, fat, cartilage, muscle, renal, vessels, heart, and nervous tissue are all generated from what type of stem cell?

Answer 21

Mesenchymal

Question 22

Who is the best match for an allegenic transplant?

Answer 22

Brother or sister.

Question 23

Why do autologous transplant rely on peripheral blood stem cells rather than on bone marrow?

Answer 23

1. Easier cell collection.
2. Rapid hematopoietic recovery
3. Reduced cost

Question 24

What is a stem cell?

Answer 24

Primitive cell that is able to self-renew. Also provides formation of more specialized cell types