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Unit 3 Disease Charts > 3.3 > Flashcards

3.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Is there acute infarction in TIA

A

nope

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2
Q

therapy for noncardiogenic stroke/tia

A

clopidogrel
aspirin

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3
Q

therapy for cardiogenic stroke/tia

A

warfarin or direct oral anticoagulant

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4
Q

meningiomas arise from what cells

A

arachnoid cap cells

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5
Q

where are meningiomas commonly found

A

base of skull
perivenous sinuses

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6
Q

what is the second leading cause of death worldwide

A

stroke

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7
Q

when do embolic strokes typically occur

A

during day

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8
Q

when do thrombotic strokes typically occur

A

at night

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9
Q

subdural hemorrhage is due to

A

bridging veins

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10
Q

who is at risk for subdural hematoma

A

elderly
alcoholics

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11
Q

are neurologic symptoms gradual or sudden in subdural hematoma

A

gradual

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12
Q

can the bleed cross the suture line in subdural hematoma

A

YES

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13
Q

what reflex do we commonly see in epidural hematoma

A

Cushing reflex

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14
Q

what is Cushing reflex

A

triad of HTN, bradycardia, irregular breathing

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15
Q

in which hematoma type does the bleed appear to be biconvex

A

epidural hematoma

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16
Q

in which hematoma subtype do people experience a thunderclap headache

A

subarachnoid

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17
Q

AVM increases risk of

A

subarachnoid hematoma

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18
Q

what might you see on LP for subarachnoid hematoma

A

xanthochromia

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19
Q

what is a mycotic aneurysm due to

A

bacteria

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20
Q

what is typically a secondary phenomenon from subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

intraventricular hemorrhage

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21
Q

what brain tumor is most commonly found in kids

A

astrocytoma

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22
Q

what brain tumor is most commonly found in adults

A

glioblastoma

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23
Q

what is the most aggressive brain tumor

A

glioblastoma

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24
Q

what 2 viruses increase risk of glioblastoma

A

HHV-6
cytomegalovirus

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25
Q

what do we call a glioblastoma that crosses the corpus callosum

A

butterfly glioma

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26
Q

what virus is positive in 90% of cases of CNS lymphoma

A

Epstein-Barr virus

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27
Q

myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder in which one develops antibodies to

A

acetylcholine

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28
Q

in what population of people is myasthenia gravis more common

A

young women
older men

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29
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is myasthenia gravis

A

type 2

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30
Q

myasthenia gravis has a strong association with

A

abnormal thymus gland

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31
Q

what are the two main manifestations of myasthenia gravis

A

ocular weakness
generalized weakness worsened with repeated use

32
Q

what are typically the PRESENTING symptoms (first symptoms) of myasthenia gravis

A

diplopia
ptosis

33
Q

what is spared in myasthenia gravis

A

pupils

34
Q

when does muscle weakness worsen in myasthenia gravis (this is so important)

A

with activity – worsens throughout the day

35
Q

when does muscle weakness worsen in myasthenia gravis (this is so important)

A

with activity – worsens throughout the day

36
Q

what is typically preserved in myasthenia gravis besides pupils

A

sensation
deep tendon reflexes

37
Q

what should be done in all patients with myasthenia gravis to detect thymus gland abnormalities

A

chest imaging

38
Q

what test can be performed in myasthenia gravis

A

ice pack test

39
Q

what two tests are more accurate for myasthenia gravis

A

repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS)
single fiber electromyography (SFEMG)

40
Q

block in CSF pathway

A

obstructive hydrocephalus

41
Q

impaired absorption of CSF

A

communicating hydrocephalus

42
Q

triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

gait disturbance (wobbly)
urinary incontinence (wet)
cognitive dysfunction/dementia (wacky)

43
Q

what type of gait do people with normal pressure hydrocephalus typically have

A

wide-based shuffling gait –> magnetic gait!!!!

44
Q

treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

ventriculoperitoneal shunt

45
Q

Skull has a set volume and pressure for what 3 things

A

brain volume
CSF
intracranial venous and arterial blood

46
Q

localized collection of pus in the parenchyma of the brain

A

brain abscess

47
Q

important risk factor for brain abscess

A

immunocompromised

48
Q

which lobes are most likely to be affected in brain abscess

A

frontal
temporal

49
Q

which type of glaucoma is an emergency

A

ACUTE NARROW angle closure glaucoma

50
Q

which type of glaucoma is painful

A

acute narrow angle closure glaucoma

51
Q

are people who are farsighted or near-sighted at increased risk of developing acute narrow angle closure glaucoma

A

farsighted (hyperopes)

52
Q

is eye pain unilateral or bilateral in acute narrow angle closure glaucoma

A

unilateral

53
Q

what type of vision do people with acute narrow angle closure glaucoma typically have

A

tunnel vision (halos around lights and peripheral vision)

54
Q

what will you see on fundoscopy for acute narrow angle closure glaucoma

A

optic disc cupping or blurring of optic nerve

55
Q

on tonometry, what would you expect for the pressure in acute narrow angle closure glaucoma

A

> 21 mmHg

56
Q

do you see hypotension or hypertension in AAA

A

hypotension

57
Q

is chronic open angle glaucoma painless or painful

A

painless

58
Q

what is papilledema

A

optic nerve swelling

59
Q

acute inflammatory demyelination of the optic nerve

A

optic neuritis

60
Q

what is the most common cause of optic neuritis

A

multiple sclerosis

61
Q

what medication is a common cause of optic neuritis

A

ethambutol

62
Q

is optic neuritis painful or painless

A

painful

63
Q

because multiple sclerosis is a common cause of optic neuritis, what might we see in regards to the pupil

A

Marcus gunn pupil

64
Q

brodman area for Wernicke

A

brodman 22

65
Q

what lobe is affected in wernickes aphasia

A

temporal

66
Q

what lobe is affected in Broca’s aphasia

A

frontal

67
Q

brodmann areas or Broca’s aphasia

A

44 and 45

68
Q

what disease are AVMs commonly associated with

A

Osler-Weber-Rendu disease

69
Q

what lobes are affected in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

A

posterior occipital parietal lobes

70
Q

how does PRES commonly present

A

seizure

71
Q

is the headache in PRES responsive to therapy

A

no

72
Q

when do you perform carotid endarterectomy

A

70-99% stenosed

73
Q

what nerve is affected in Bell’s palsy

A

facial nerve/CN7

74
Q

what virus is the most common cause of Bell’s palsy

A

HSV1

75
Q

eye on the affected side moves laterally and superiorly when eye closure is attempted

A

Bell phenomenon seen in Bell’s palsy

Unit 3 Disease Charts (7 decks)

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