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Unit 3 Disease Charts > 3.2 > Flashcards

3.2 Flashcards

1
Q

does spinal shock have anything to do with perfusion/cardiac issues

A

no; strictly to motor and sensory issues

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2
Q

in spinal shock, below SCI we see loss of

A

all reflexes
sensation
motor function

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3
Q

What reflex is lost of shock phase of spinal shock

A

Bulbocavernosus reflex

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4
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia generally occurs when there SCI at what level

A

T6 and above

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5
Q

below the injury in autonomic Dysreflexia, what nervous system is in charge

A

sympathetic domination

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6
Q

above the injury in Autonomic Dysreflexia, what nervous system is in charge

A

parasympathetic domination

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7
Q

most common cause of Autonomic Dysreflexia

A

UTI/urinary retention

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8
Q

second most common cause of Autonomic Dysreflexia

A

fecal impaction

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9
Q

central cord syndrome is often due to

A

hyperextension injury or syringomyelia

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10
Q

what is the most common incomplete spinal cord injury

A

central cord syndrome

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11
Q

what tracts are commonly damaged in central cord syndrome

A

lateral corticospinal (bilaterally)
anterior gray horn (bilaterally)
sympathetic fibers

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12
Q

what is typically spared in central cord syndrome

A

dorsal column

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13
Q

motor deficit in central cord syndrome is great in what extremities

A

upper extremities > lower extremities

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14
Q

how do we describe the sensory deficit distribution in central cord syndrome

A

shawl distribution

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15
Q

anterior cord injury is commonly due to

A

blowout vertebral body burst fracture (flexion)
anterior spinal artery injury or occlusion

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16
Q

anterior cord syndrome usually spares what tract

A

dorsal white column

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17
Q

Posterior cord syndrome is commonly due to

A

syphillis
Frederick’s ataxia
multiple sclerosis
B12 deficiency
posterior spinal stenosis

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18
Q

Brown sequard syndrome is commonly due to

A

penetrating trauma

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19
Q

micturition reflex

A

increased parasympathetic
decreased sympathetic
detrusor muscle contracts
internal sphincter opens
decreased motor input to external sphincter–> external sphincter opens

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20
Q

what area in the brain allows us to STORE our urine

A

pontine storage center

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21
Q

what area in the brain allows us to urinate

A

pontine micturition center

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22
Q

what type of incontinence do we see in spinal shock

A

overflow incontinence due to detrusor hyporeflexia

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23
Q

what type of incontinence do we see after spinal shock has resolved

A

urge incontinence due to detrusor hyperreflexia

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24
Q

what type of incontinence do we see in MS

A

urge incontinence due to detrusor hyperreflexia

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25
Q

what type of incontinence do we see in PD

A

urge incontinence

26
Q

what type of hypersensitivity rxn is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

A

type 4

27
Q

large difference between ADEM and MS

A

ADEM - single event of demyelination in a child
MS - progressive and recurrent bouts of demyelination in young adults

28
Q

are symptoms for ADEM sudden or gradual

A

sudden

29
Q

what is a required feature of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

A

encephalopathy

30
Q

what is the study of choice for evaluating most acute head injuries

A

CT head without contrast

31
Q

do we have degeneration of white matter or gray matter in multiple sclerosis

A

white matter

32
Q

What is the most common form of multiple sclerosis

A

relapsing-remitting disease (episodic exacerbations)

33
Q

what are the most common presenting symptoms in MS

A

sensory disturbances
weakness
visual disturbances

34
Q

what pain syndrome is commonly seen in multiple sclerosis

A

trigeminal neuralgia

35
Q

what is Uhthoff’s phenomena that we often see in MS

A

worsening of symptoms with heat

36
Q

what is Lhermitte’s sign in MS

A

neck flexion causes lightning shock type pain radiating from the spine down the leg

37
Q

Marcus-Gunn pupil in MS patients with optic neuritis

A

during swinging flashlight test from unaffected eye to affected eye, the pupils dilate

38
Q

What imaging is best for MS

A

T2 weighted MRI with FLAIR

39
Q

How many areas of white matter involvement should you see in MS before making a diagnosis

A

at least 2

40
Q

what will you see on LP for MS

A

increased IgG and oligoclonal bands

41
Q

first line treatment for MS

A

IV high dose glucocorticoids

42
Q

what part of the spinal cord is affected in poliomyelitis

A

anterior horns

43
Q

what types of symptoms will be see in poliomyelitis

A

flaccid paralysis due to destruction of anterior horns

44
Q

what is poliomyelitis caused by

A

poliovirus

45
Q

most common transmission with poliomyelitis

A

fecal-oral transmission

46
Q

how long can poliovirus shed in stool

A

up to 6 weeks

47
Q

best way to test for poliovirus

A

stool sample

48
Q

for conductive hearing loss, what would we expect

A

weber heard in affected ear
rinne: BC > AC in affected ear

49
Q

for sensorineural hearing loss, what would we expect

A

weber heard in normal ear
rinne: normal bilaterally; AC > BC

50
Q

Charcot’s triad in MS

A

nystagmus
staccato speech
intention tremor

51
Q

in what section of the spine does transverse myelitis most commonly occur

A

thoracic region

52
Q

what is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by

A

polyomavirus JC

53
Q

what does the polyomavirus JC attack

A

oligodendrocytes –> unable to reform myelin

54
Q

are symptoms gradual or sudden in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

gradual

55
Q

UMN symptoms in ALS are due to

A

frontal and corticospinal

56
Q

LMN symptoms in ALS are due to

A

spinal cord and brainstem

57
Q

what type of shock do we commonly see in spinal cord injuries

A

neurogenic shock; this is a type of distributive shock

58
Q

what NS is damaged and what NS dominates in neurogenic shock

A

Sympathetic - damaged
Parasympathetic - dominates

59
Q

What is the triad we see in neurogenic shock

A

hypotension
bradycardia
hypothermia

60
Q

Port wine stains are commonly associated with

A

Sturge Weber syndrome

61
Q

where are port wine stains found in sturge weber syndrome

A

generally alone the trigeminal nerve distribution

62
Q

3 main findings in sturge weber syndrome

A

port wine stains
leptomeningeal angiomatosis
ocular involvement (glaucoma)

Unit 3 Disease Charts (7 decks)

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