3.2.4.2 Environment & Population

Question 1

agricultural productivity

Answer 1

ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs

Question 2

agriculture

Answer 2

the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for growing crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool and other products

Question 3

climate

Answer 3

a regions long term weather patterns, measured in terms of average precipitation, max and min temperatures throughout seasons, sunshine hours, humidity, frequency of extreme weather etc

Question 4

food security

Answer 4

exists when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life

Question 5

salinisation

Answer 5

the build-up of salts in soil, eventually to toxic levels for plants

Question 6

soil

Answer 6

the upper layer of earth in which plants grow- a black/dark brown material consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay and rock particles

Question 7

topography

Answer 7

relief and drainage of an area

Question 8

zonal soil

Answer 8

a soil which has experienced the maximum effect of climate and natural vegetation upon the parent rock, assuming there are no extremes of weathering, relief or drainage

Question 9

productivity

Answer 9

a key measure of the economic performance of agriculture and an important driver of farm incomes

Question 10

2 key elements to food production

Answer 10

climate and soils (vary globally)

Question 11

food consumption

Answer 11

changes in global/regional food situation is measured in kilocalories (kcal) per capita per day

Question 12

amount of undernourishment calculated by

Answer 12

average amount of food available for consumption, size of population, relative disparities in access to food, minimum calories per individual

Question 13

agricultural system

Answer 13

an open system with inputs, processes and outputs. over time the physical factors become less important and human factors take over

Question 14

4 types of farming

Answer 14

intensive, extensive, commercial, subsistence

Question 15

how climate change affects food security

Answer 15

weather events, floods, droughts

Question 16

agricultural area worst hit by climate change

Answer 16

Asia Pacific: mainly based on agriculture, expected 850million increase by 2050, rising temperature/sea levels affecting crop growing and yields

Question 17

2012 Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA)

Answer 17

addressing challenges related to food security and climate change- economic, social, environmental (greenhouse gas)

Question 18

members of the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA)

Answer 18

japan, philippines, vietnam

Question 19

essential functions of soil

Answer 19

nutrient recycling (carbon)
regulating water (infiltration or overland)
sustaining plant and animal life
filtering pollutants
physical stability and support

Question 20

zonal soils

Answer 20

a major soil covering a wide geographic region; mature and well-developed soils in balance with climate, vegetation and their parent material

Question 21

types of zonal soils

Answer 21

chernozem, red/yellow latosols

Question 22

food security depends on

Answer 22

food availability (reliable and constant)
food access (produce or purchase food)
food use (preparation and distribution)
food stability (access over time)

Question 23

issues with ensuring food security

Answer 23

enough food to feed pop but not where needed
future needs couldn’t be met by production
global trade- does it provide national security?
globalisation cause food industry and poverty in rural areas?
do all people in household get enough food

Question 24

4 methods of water erosion

Answer 24

river bank erosion, gully erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion

Question 25

4 methods of wind erosion

Answer 25

saltation, creep, suspension, abrasion/attrition

Question 26

evapotranspiration

Answer 26

the process by which water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and other surfaces and by transpiration from plants

Question 27

arid areas

Answer 27

land/climate that has too little/no rain so it is too dry to support vegetation

Question 28

4 soil problems

Answer 28

wind/water erosion
waterlogging
salinisation
structural deterioration

Question 29

to improve tfp in crops

Answer 29

high yield- disease resistance, drought/flood tolerant varieties
more efficient cultivation/harvesting
tech showing water/nutrient levels and when to add

Question 30

to improve tfp in raising livestock

Answer 30

selective breeding
animal care and disease management
high quality feeds

Question 33

current world overview for food security

Answer 33

WB says 50% more food needed by 2050
FAO says global production has increased faster than demand
waste leaves 800mil in developing countries malnourished

Question 34

tfp

Answer 34

total factor productivity

Question 35

Global agriculture and food security programme (GAFSP)

Answer 35

to improve productivity, incomes and nutrition in LICs