3.2.4 sources and origins Flashcards
what is pulp
a mixture of water and cellulose fibres that are sourced from wood or certain plant fibres such as flax, hemp or bamboo
describe the paper making process
-trees are cut and debarked and chipped
-chips are added to a chemical solutiona and cooked to form a pulp
-pulp ispounded and squeezed, chemicals, chalks or clays are added to alter the opacity of the paper
-the end liquid of pulp is then bleached or dyed to get desired colour
-liquid pulp is mix with additives to produces different types of fnishes. paper with little sizing is very absorbent
-pulp is passed through a series of rollers to remove excess water
-after a series of drying rollers, paper is passed through calender rollers, gives it its final finish
whats a life cycle assessment
considers the whole life cycle of a product from cradle to grave, i.e. from raw material extraction through to the end of its life
what does a LCA - life cycle assessment enable manufacturers to do
calculate the quantities of raw material, energy and waste materials used and their impact on the environement
describe the paper lifecycle assessment
-extraction and processing the raw material
-manufacturing process
-packaging
-transportation
-use of the product
-recycling
-disposal at end of useful life
purpose of a lifecycle assessment (simple 1 mark)
informs you of the carbon footprint that the manufacture of a product has on the environment
recycling paper and board
used paper and boared are collected, graded and cleaned to remove inks and contaminants. wood pulp fibres can be recycled several times, but eventually lose their paper making qualities
advantages of recycling paper and board
less paper is sent to landfill which reduces production of methane which is a greenhouse gas. (when paper decomposes, methane is produced)
less energy is used to make paper from wastepaper, reducing CO2 emissions
reduces number of trees being cut down
What is plywood
Thin layers or veneers of wood that are glued together where each layer is rotated 90 degrees to eachother. Makes it strong in all directions
Flat pack furniture advantages and disadvantages
Advantages: Boards are cheaper than natural woods, can be finished with veneers to give it different finished and surface colours
Disadvantages: chip easily when knocked, will swell or distort when it gets wet
What are wooden children’s toys made form and why
Beech and oak which are hard and durable as they will be dropped, knocked and thrown around. They also resist splintering by being sanded to a smooth surface and are easily painted
Why is larch used for making garden sheds
Tough, durable and is resistant to water due to its natural oil content
