3.2.1.4 - Structure of Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
Identify the missing label.
Attachment protein
The nucleic acid in a virus is enclosed within a protein coat called a…
capsid
Do prokaryotes have a nucelus?
No
Most of the success of bacteria is down to…
their small size
Plasmids are useful to scientists when they perform
genetic engineering e.g. transfer of human insulin gene to bacterial cells.
Sometimes a virus will have an additional layer of lipid called a..
lipid envelope
How do bacteria store energy?
- Glycogen granules
- Oil droplets
Describe the structure of the genetic information of a prokaryotic cell.
- Main circular strand of DNA not in a nucleus
- Smaller circular pieces of DNA (plasmids)
What is the function of a plasmid?
Small, self replicating circles of DNA that give bbacteria resistance to antibiotics.
Attachment proteins can be found where on a virus?
- In the lipid envelope (if the virus has one)
- In the capsid (if the virus does not have a lipid envelope.
What are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- Eukaryotic cells are larger
- The DNA of Eukaryotic cells is found in a nucleus.
- Eukaryotic cells have organelles with membranes (mitochondria/chloroplasts etc.)
Identify the missing label.
Large circle of DNA
What is meant by a membrane bound organelle?
An organelles that has its own phospholipid bilayer.
Identify the missing label.
Lipid envelope
Identify the membrane bound organelles of a eukaroytic cell that would not be present in a prokaryotic cell.
- Mitochondrion
- Chloroplasts
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Vacuoles
- Lysosomes
Identify the missing label.
Genetic material (RNA)
Identify the missing label.
Cell-surface membrane
Identify the missing label.
Capsule
Identify the missing label.
Reverse transcriptase enzyme
Identify the missing label.
Cell wall (containing murein)
The outer layer of mucilagionus slime around a bacterial cell is called the…
capsule
Do prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded organelles e.g. mitochondrion?
No
How small are bacteria?
0.1-10 µm
Are viruses generally bigger or smaller than bacteria?
smaller
The cell wall of bacteria contains a peptidoglycan (polysaccharide chains with peptide cross-links) called…
murein
How big is a virus?
20-300 nm
Give an example of a prokaryote
Bacteria
Are viruses alive?
No as they cannot reproduce without a host. (think MRS GREN)
Identify the missing label.
Ribosome
What is the function of the attachment proteins on a virus?
- Identificaiton of a host cell.
- Attachment to a host cell
How can some bacterial cells perform photosynthesis if they do not contain chloroplasts?
They contain ‘bacterial chlorophyll’ which is associated with the memrbane of the bacterial cell.
Is the DNA of a prokaryotic cell associated with proteins (histones)?
No
Identify the missing label.
Plasmid
Identify the missing label.
Matrix
Identify the missing label.
Cytoplasm
Prokaryotic cells contain ______ ribosomes. These are smaller than 80S ribsomes that are found in eukaryotic cells.
70S
Identify the missing label.
Capsid
